1.Cognitive psychologyMedium
In dual-process theory, which task most clearly requires System 2 thinking?
- ANoticing that a sound is loud
- BReading a large familiar word on a road sign
- CWorking out 17 × 24 in your head
- DRecognising a friend's face
Introduction to Psychology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Cognitive psychologyHard
Strayer and Johnston found that hands-free phone conversations impaired simulated driving about as much as hand-held ones. What does this suggest?
- ATalking to a passenger in the car is just as distracting in every case
- BDriving is a fully automatic task
- CThe main cost of phoning while driving is attentional, not manual
- DHolding a phone is the only problem when driving
3.Developmental psychologyMedium
In the Strange Situation, an infant shows little distress when the mother leaves and ignores or turns away from her when she returns. This infant is classed as:
- AInsecure-resistant
- BSecurely attached
- CDisorganised
- DInsecure-avoidant
4.Developmental psychologyHard
Genie was isolated and given almost no language input until she was found at age 13. Later she learned many words but never mastered grammar. This case is often used to support:
- AThe idea that language is learned only through reinforcement
- BA critical or sensitive period for language acquisition
- CThe claim that grammar is learned faster than vocabulary
- DThe idea that age has no effect on language learning
5.Social psychologyMedium
According to equity theory, who is likely to feel uncomfortable in a relationship?
- ANeither partner, as long as the total rewards remain high
- BOnly the partner who has fewer alternatives available
- COnly the partner who gives more than they get back
- DBoth the over-benefited and the under-benefited partner
6.Social psychologyHard
Milgram moved his study from Yale University to a run-down office building. What happened to obedience?
- AIt fell to almost zero
- BIt rose to every participant obeying
- CIt fell somewhat but remained substantial
- DIt was exactly the same as at Yale
7.Clinical psychologyMedium
Which personality disorder is marked by instability in relationships, self-image and emotions, together with marked impulsivity?
- AAvoidant personality disorder
- BSchizoid personality disorder
- CBorderline personality disorder
- DNarcissistic personality disorder
8.Clinical psychologyHard
Expressed emotion research led to family interventions in schizophrenia. Which outcome do these interventions most reliably improve?
- AThe need for any antipsychotic medication
- BThe patient's IQ score
- CThe genetic risk of siblings
- DRelapse and readmission rates
2Solutions
1.Cognitive psychology
Answer: C · Working out 17 × 24 in your head
Why this is the answer
System 1 is fast, automatic and intuitive. System 2 is slow, effortful and rule-based, needed for tasks such as mental multiplication.
Answer
C · Working out 17 × 24 in your head
2.Cognitive psychology
Answer: C · The main cost of phoning while driving is attentional, not manual
Why this is the answer
Because the impairment did not depend on holding the phone, it arises from dividing attention between the conversation and the driving task.
Answer
C · The main cost of phoning while driving is attentional, not manual
3.Developmental psychology
Answer: D · Insecure-avoidant
Why this is the answer
Avoidant infants show little visible distress at separation and avoid contact at reunion. Ainsworth linked this to caregivers who reject or ignore the infant's needs.
Answer
D · Insecure-avoidant
4.Developmental psychology
Answer: B · A critical or sensitive period for language acquisition
Why this is the answer
Genie's limited grammar is consistent with a sensitive period, though the case is confounded by severe abuse and possible earlier disabilities, so it cannot be conclusive.
Answer
B · A critical or sensitive period for language acquisition
5.Social psychology
Answer: D · Both the over-benefited and the under-benefited partner
Why this is the answer
Equity theory states that people want the ratio of input to output to be fair. Under-benefited partners feel anger; over-benefited partners feel guilt.
Answer
D · Both the over-benefited and the under-benefited partner
6.Social psychology
Answer: C · It fell somewhat but remained substantial
Why this is the answer
Obedience dropped (to just under half) without Yale's prestige, but many still obeyed, suggesting the authority of the experimenter mattered more than the institution.
Answer
C · It fell somewhat but remained substantial
7.Clinical psychology
Answer: C · Borderline personality disorder
Why this is the answer
Borderline personality disorder involves unstable relationships and identity, affective instability, fear of abandonment, impulsivity and recurrent self-harm. DBT is a well-supported treatment.
Answer
C · Borderline personality disorder
8.Clinical psychology
Answer: D · Relapse and readmission rates
Why this is the answer
Family interventions that teach communication and problem solving and reduce criticism lower relapse and readmission, usually alongside medication.
Answer
D · Relapse and readmission rates
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