Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
In Shepard and Metzler's mental rotation task, the time to decide whether two 3D shapes are the same:
In prospect theory, losses typically feel:
Baillargeon found that young infants looked longer at "impossible" events, such as a screen rotating through a box behind it. This suggests infants:
Which finding is a major criticism of Piaget's formal operational stage?
According to Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour, intentions are predicted by attitudes, subjective norms and:
In the Clarks' doll studies, many Black children preferred a white doll and described it as "nice". This research was cited in a US court case because it suggested:
A person has distressing symptoms that started two weeks after a serious car crash and have lasted ten days. Which diagnosis is most appropriate?
In Clark and Wells' cognitive model of social anxiety, which factor maintains the anxiety?
Answer: C · Increases with the angle between the two shapes
Reaction times increased roughly linearly with the angle of difference, suggesting that mental images are rotated in a way that resembles physical rotation.
Answer: D · About twice as strong as gains of the same size
Kahneman and Tversky found that the value function is steeper for losses than for gains, so a loss of €100 hurts more than a €100 gain pleases.
Answer: A · Know hidden objects still exist earlier than Piaget thought
Longer looking at impossible events implies surprise, which suggests infants expected the hidden box to remain solid. This points to object permanence by a few months of age.
Answer: A · Many adults do not reason formally, and it depends on schooling
Research shows that formal reasoning is far from universal and is strongly linked to schooling and cultural experience, so it is not an automatic stage.
Answer: A · Perceived behavioural control
The theory adds perceived behavioural control to the earlier theory of reasoned action, so intentions depend on attitude, norms and how much control people think they have.
Answer: A · Segregation harmed Black children's self-image
The findings were used to argue that segregation caused psychological harm, contributing to the US Supreme Court ruling that segregated schools were unconstitutional.
Answer: D · Acute stress disorder
Acute stress disorder covers trauma symptoms lasting from three days to one month after the event. If symptoms persist beyond a month, PTSD may be diagnosed.
Answer: C · Self-focused attention and safety behaviours that prevent disconfirmation of fears
Socially anxious people focus on an internal, negative image of themselves and use safety behaviours. These behaviours make them seem odd and stop them learning that feared outcomes rarely happen.
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/introduction-to-psychology