Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
Broadbent's filter model of attention proposes that unattended messages are:
Gick and Holyoak gave participants a story about an army attacking a fortress from many sides, then Duncker's radiation problem. What did they find?
Which feature is typical of infant-directed speech ("parentese")?
A critic argues that Piaget underestimated young children. Which finding supports this?
On Halloween, children who were anonymous and in groups took more sweets than allowed, compared with children who had been asked their names. This illustrates:
The stereotype content model places groups on two dimensions. Elderly people are often seen as warm but low in competence. Which emotion does the model predict they receive?
In Beck's cognitive model of depression, the "cognitive triad" consists of negative views about:
Which evidence best supports CBT as a treatment for anxiety disorders, rather than a placebo effect?
Answer: B · Blocked by physical features before meaning is analysed
Broadbent argued that a selective filter lets through one channel based on physical characteristics such as ear or pitch, so unattended input is not processed for meaning.
Answer: C · Few used the analogy until told the story might help
Analogical transfer often fails because people do not notice the deep structural similarity between problems with different surface features. A hint greatly increased transfer.
Answer: D · Higher pitch and exaggerated intonation
Infant-directed speech uses higher pitch, slower pace, simple words and exaggerated intonation. Infants prefer it and it may help them pick out words.
Answer: B · Children conserve number earlier when the task is changed so the transformation seems accidental
McGarrigle and Donaldson found that when a "naughty teddy" rearranged counters, many more 4–6-year-olds conserved, suggesting the standard task design misled children.
Answer: C · Deindividuation
Diener and colleagues found that anonymity and group membership increased rule-breaking, consistent with deindividuation theory.
Answer: C · Pity
Fiske and colleagues proposed that warmth and competence combine into emotions: warm and competent gives admiration; warm and incompetent gives pity; cold and competent gives envy; cold and incompetent gives contempt.
Answer: C · Oneself, the world and the future
Beck proposed that depressed people hold negative views of the self, the world (or experiences) and the future, maintained by cognitive distortions.
Answer: A · Randomised trials show CBT outperforms credible attention-placebo control conditions
Showing superiority over a credible placebo control rules out non-specific factors as the only explanation. Many trials and meta-analyses report this for CBT in anxiety disorders.
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/introduction-to-psychology