1.Cognitive psychologyMedium
Counting the windows in your house by picturing walking around it mainly uses which working memory component?
- ALong-term procedural memory
- BThe visuospatial sketchpad
- CThe phonological loop
- DThe episodic buffer
Introduction to Psychology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Cognitive psychologyHard
Choosing the first flat that meets your minimum requirements, rather than comparing every flat available, is what Herbert Simon called:
- AMaximising
- BMeans–end analysis
- CAnchoring
- DSatisficing
3.Developmental psychologyMedium
A parent sets strict rules, expects obedience without discussion and says "Because I said so". This style is:
- AAuthoritarian
- BUninvolved
- CPermissive
- DAuthoritative
4.Developmental psychologyHard
Temperament research by Thomas and Chess classified infants into which three main groups?
- AIntroverted, extroverted and ambiverted
- BEasy, difficult and slow-to-warm-up
- CSecure, avoidant and resistant
- DAuthoritative, authoritarian and permissive
5.Social psychologyMedium
Tom says he tripped because the floor was wet, but when he sees someone else trip he thinks they are clumsy. This is the:
- AActor–observer bias
- BHalo effect
- CSelf-serving bias
- DFalse consensus effect
6.Social psychologyHard
Myers and Bishop found that students high in prejudice became more prejudiced after discussing racial issues with similar students, and low-prejudice students became less prejudiced. Which two explanations are usually given?
- AObedience and agentic state
- BMatching hypothesis and proximity
- CPersuasive arguments and social comparison
- DSocial loafing and social facilitation
7.Clinical psychologyMedium
Which defence mechanism is shown by someone who is angry with their boss but shouts at their partner at home?
- AProjection
- BSublimation
- CReaction formation
- DDisplacement
8.Clinical psychologyHard
A client with OCD checks the stove twenty times before leaving home. Why does checking maintain the disorder, according to the cognitive-behavioural model?
- AChecking raises anxiety each time, which punishes and gradually weakens the urge to check
- BChecking produces a strong pleasure that the client becomes addicted to
- CRelief after checking reinforces it and blocks learning that the fear is unfounded
- DChecking is mainly caused by low intelligence and poor working memory
2Solutions
1.Cognitive psychology
Answer: B · The visuospatial sketchpad
Why this is the answer
The visuospatial sketchpad stores and manipulates visual and spatial information, such as a mental image of a building and its layout.
Answer
B · The visuospatial sketchpad
2.Cognitive psychology
Answer: D · Satisficing
Why this is the answer
Simon argued that limited time, information and cognitive capacity lead people to choose options that are good enough rather than searching for the best one.
Answer
D · Satisficing
3.Developmental psychology
Answer: A · Authoritarian
Why this is the answer
Authoritarian parents are demanding but not very responsive and rarely explain rules. Authoritative parents are also firm but warm and give reasons.
Answer
A · Authoritarian
4.Developmental psychology
Answer: B · Easy, difficult and slow-to-warm-up
Why this is the answer
The New York Longitudinal Study described easy, difficult and slow-to-warm-up temperaments; some infants did not fit any group.
Answer
B · Easy, difficult and slow-to-warm-up
5.Social psychology
Answer: A · Actor–observer bias
Why this is the answer
As actors we see the situation around us, so we make situational attributions for ourselves and dispositional attributions for others.
Answer
A · Actor–observer bias
6.Social psychology
Answer: C · Persuasive arguments and social comparison
Why this is the answer
Group polarisation is explained by hearing more arguments supporting the initial view and by comparing oneself with others to appear a good group member.
Answer
C · Persuasive arguments and social comparison
7.Clinical psychology
Answer: D · Displacement
Why this is the answer
Displacement shifts an impulse from a threatening target to a less threatening one. Projection attributes one's own unacceptable feelings to others.
Answer
D · Displacement
8.Clinical psychology
Answer: C · Relief after checking reinforces it and blocks learning that the fear is unfounded
Why this is the answer
Compulsions are negatively reinforced by short-term relief and stop the person learning that anxiety falls on its own. This is why ERP blocks the ritual.
Answer
C · Relief after checking reinforces it and blocks learning that the fear is unfounded
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