1.Cognitive psychologyMedium
Counting the windows in your house by picturing walking around it mainly uses which working memory component?
- ALong-term procedural memory
- BThe episodic buffer
- CThe phonological loop
- DThe visuospatial sketchpad
Introduction to Psychology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Cognitive psychologyHard
Patient D.F. could not report the orientation of a slot but could accurately post a card through it. Milner and Goodale used this to support the idea of:
- AEarly selection of attention before perception
- BA single visual system used for every visual task
- CFeature binding through focused spatial attention
- DSeparate visual streams for perception and action
3.Developmental psychologyMedium
Asked about the Heinz dilemma, a teenager says "Heinz should steal the drug because a good husband would do that for his wife". This reasoning is at Kohlberg's:
- AConventional level
- BSensorimotor level
- CPost-conventional level
- DPre-conventional level
4.Developmental psychologyHard
Harlow's monkeys raised in isolation with only surrogate mothers later showed which outcome?
- AStrong attachment to the wire mother as adults
- BBetter problem solving than monkeys that had been reared by real mothers
- CCompletely normal adult social behaviour
- DAbnormal social behaviour and difficulty caring for their own young
5.Social psychologyMedium
Aronson and Mills found that women who went through an embarrassing initiation to join a dull discussion group rated it more positively than those with a mild initiation. This is:
- ASocial facilitation
- BEffort justification
- CThe halo effect
- DThe mere exposure effect
6.Social psychologyHard
In the Clarks' doll studies, many Black children preferred a white doll and described it as "nice". This research was cited in a US court case because it suggested:
- AYoung children have no racial awareness
- BDoll preferences are fully innate
- CSegregation harmed Black children's self-image
- DSegregated schools improved self-esteem
7.Clinical psychologyMedium
Clozapine is typically reserved for treatment-resistant schizophrenia because:
- AIt only works on negative symptoms
- BIt can cause agranulocytosis, so regular blood monitoring is required
- CIt is the least effective antipsychotic available, so it is a last resort
- DIt cannot be taken as tablets
8.Clinical psychologyHard
A clinician considers whether a categorical or dimensional approach to personality disorders is better. Which point favours a dimensional approach?
- ATraits vary continuously, and categories overlap with arbitrary cut-offs
- BCategories have been shown to give perfect inter-rater reliability
- CPersonality traits are either fully present or fully absent in any one person
- DDimensional models cannot be measured with questionnaires or interviews
2Solutions
1.Cognitive psychology
Answer: D · The visuospatial sketchpad
Why this is the answer
The visuospatial sketchpad stores and manipulates visual and spatial information, such as a mental image of a building and its layout.
Answer
D · The visuospatial sketchpad
2.Cognitive psychology
Answer: D · Separate visual streams for perception and action
Why this is the answer
D.F.'s ventral stream damage impaired conscious perception of form, while her intact dorsal stream still guided actions, supporting the two-streams hypothesis.
Answer
D · Separate visual streams for perception and action
3.Developmental psychology
Answer: A · Conventional level
Why this is the answer
At the conventional level, morality is based on being a good person in others' eyes (stage 3) and on maintaining social order (stage 4).
Answer
A · Conventional level
4.Developmental psychology
Answer: D · Abnormal social behaviour and difficulty caring for their own young
Why this is the answer
Monkeys reared without real mothers or peers often became socially withdrawn or aggressive and were poor mothers, suggesting a sensitive period for social contact.
Answer
D · Abnormal social behaviour and difficulty caring for their own young
5.Social psychology
Answer: B · Effort justification
Why this is the answer
Effort justification is a form of dissonance reduction: people come to value something more when they have suffered or worked hard to get it.
Answer
B · Effort justification
6.Social psychology
Answer: C · Segregation harmed Black children's self-image
Why this is the answer
The findings were used to argue that segregation caused psychological harm, contributing to the US Supreme Court ruling that segregated schools were unconstitutional.
Answer
C · Segregation harmed Black children's self-image
7.Clinical psychology
Answer: B · It can cause agranulocytosis, so regular blood monitoring is required
Why this is the answer
Clozapine is effective when other antipsychotics fail, but it can cause a dangerous fall in neutrophils, so patients need regular blood tests.
Answer
B · It can cause agranulocytosis, so regular blood monitoring is required
8.Clinical psychology
Answer: A · Traits vary continuously, and categories overlap with arbitrary cut-offs
Why this is the answer
Categorical diagnoses overlap heavily and treat a continuum as present/absent. DSM-5 Section III and ICD-11 therefore offer trait-based dimensional models of personality disorder.
Answer
A · Traits vary continuously, and categories overlap with arbitrary cut-offs
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