Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
The serial position effect predicts that items in a list are recalled best when they are:
Moray found that people often noticed their own name in the unattended ear during shadowing. Why was this a problem for Broadbent's filter model?
Bandura's Bobo doll study demonstrated:
A longitudinal design is preferred over a cross-sectional design when a researcher wants to:
In Hofling's hospital study, a "doctor" phoned nurses and told them to give a dose of an unfamiliar drug that exceeded the label's maximum. Almost all the nurses started to comply. This shows:
In the Clarks' doll studies, many Black children preferred a white doll and described it as "nice". This research was cited in a US court case because it suggested:
Behavioural activation treats depression mainly by:
Expressed emotion research led to family interventions in schizophrenia. Which outcome do these interventions most reliably improve?
Answer: A · At the beginning and end of the list
Early items benefit from rehearsal into long-term memory (primacy), and the last items are still in short-term memory (recency).
Answer: D · It shows some unattended input is analysed for meaning
An early, all-or-none filter should block meaning in the unattended channel. Treisman's attenuation model proposed that unattended input is weakened rather than blocked, so important words still get through.
Answer: B · Children learn aggressive behaviour by observing adults
Children who watched an adult attack the Bobo doll imitated the aggression, supporting social learning through observation and modelling.
Answer: B · Track how the same individuals change over time
Longitudinal studies follow the same people, revealing individual change, but they take long and suffer from attrition. Cross-sectional studies compare different cohorts at one time.
Answer: D · Obedience to authority in a real-world setting
Hofling's study suggested that obedience to authority, like Milgram's findings, also occurs in natural workplace settings, even against hospital rules.
Answer: D · Segregation harmed Black children's self-image
The findings were used to argue that segregation caused psychological harm, contributing to the US Supreme Court ruling that segregated schools were unconstitutional.
Answer: D · Increasing engagement in rewarding and valued activities
Behavioural activation schedules activities that bring pleasure or mastery, breaking the cycle of withdrawal and low reinforcement. It is an evidence-based treatment for depression.
Answer: D · Relapse and readmission rates
Family interventions that teach communication and problem solving and reduce criticism lower relapse and readmission, usually alongside medication.
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