1.Cognitive psychologyMedium
Which working memory component is most heavily used when you switch between two tasks and decide what to focus on?
- AThe visuospatial sketchpad
- BThe phonological loop
- CIconic memory
- DThe central executive
Introduction to Psychology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Cognitive psychologyHard
When a video shows a face saying "ga" while the audio says "ba", many people hear "da". This shows that:
- AVision is ignored when we listen to speech
- BSpeech perception combines what we see and hear
- CHearing always overrides vision when they conflict
- DPeople cannot tell similar speech sounds apart
3.Developmental psychologyMedium
A parent's stressful workplace affects a child's home life, although the child never goes there. In Bronfenbrenner's theory, the workplace is part of the child's:
- AExosystem
- BChronosystem
- CMicrosystem
- DMesosystem
4.Developmental psychologyHard
Japanese infants in early Strange Situation studies showed high rates of resistant attachment and very little avoidance. One common explanation is that:
- AJapanese infants are genetically more anxious than infants elsewhere
- BJapanese mothers in these samples were usually insensitive towards their infants
- CJapanese fathers did most of the caregiving in these families
- DThey were rarely separated from mothers, so the test was unusually stressful
5.Social psychologyMedium
According to the elaboration likelihood model, which route of persuasion produces longer-lasting attitude change?
- ABoth produce exactly the same change
- BThe central route, based on careful thinking about the arguments
- CThe peripheral route, based on cues such as the source's attractiveness
- DNeither produces any attitude change
6.Social psychologyHard
A teenager adopts the style and opinions of an admired older cousin, but drops them once the two are no longer close. Kelman would call this:
- AObedience
- BCompliance
- CIdentification
- DInternalisation
7.Clinical psychologyMedium
In suicide risk assessment, which factor is one of the strongest predictors of a future suicide attempt?
- ABeing a university student
- BA previous suicide attempt
- CHaving a large circle of friends
- DTalking openly to a therapist
8.Clinical psychologyHard
Why did DSM-5 replace "substance abuse" and "substance dependence" with a single "substance use disorder"?
- AThe two categories were found to reflect one dimension better described by severity levels
- BDependence was found not to exist
- CAbuse was reclassified as a personality disorder, while dependence became a purely medical condition
- DThe WHO banned the terms
2Solutions
1.Cognitive psychology
Answer: D · The central executive
Why this is the answer
The central executive controls attention, coordinates the subsystems and handles task switching and planning. It has very limited capacity.
Answer
D · The central executive
2.Cognitive psychology
Answer: B · Speech perception combines what we see and hear
Why this is the answer
The McGurk effect shows that lip movements are combined with sound in perceiving speech, producing a percept that matches neither input alone.
Answer
B · Speech perception combines what we see and hear
3.Developmental psychology
Answer: A · Exosystem
Why this is the answer
The exosystem includes settings that affect the child indirectly, such as a parent's job or local government decisions.
Answer
A · Exosystem
4.Developmental psychology
Answer: D · They were rarely separated from mothers, so the test was unusually stressful
Why this is the answer
Because separation was unfamiliar to these infants, high distress may reflect cultural care practices rather than insecurity, questioning the procedure's cross-cultural validity.
Answer
D · They were rarely separated from mothers, so the test was unusually stressful
5.Social psychology
Answer: B · The central route, based on careful thinking about the arguments
Why this is the answer
Petty and Cacioppo found that attitudes formed by thoughtful processing of strong arguments are more stable and predictive of behaviour.
Answer
B · The central route, based on careful thinking about the arguments
6.Social psychology
Answer: C · Identification
Why this is the answer
Identification is adopting behaviours or attitudes to be like a valued person or group. It is deeper than compliance but less permanent than internalisation.
Answer
C · Identification
7.Clinical psychology
Answer: B · A previous suicide attempt
Why this is the answer
A history of suicide attempts is among the strongest risk factors. Asking directly about suicidal thoughts does not increase risk and is part of good assessment.
Answer
B · A previous suicide attempt
8.Clinical psychology
Answer: A · The two categories were found to reflect one dimension better described by severity levels
Why this is the answer
Research suggested that abuse and dependence criteria form a single continuum. DSM-5 merged them into one disorder rated by the number of criteria met.
Answer
A · The two categories were found to reflect one dimension better described by severity levels
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