Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
Encoding specificity means that recall is best when:
Participants held a hand in painfully cold water for 60 seconds in one trial, and in another for 60 seconds plus 30 more seconds at a slightly warmer temperature. Most chose to repeat the longer trial. Why?
A student is actively trying out different majors and values but has not committed to any yet. In Marcia's model, this is:
A child is shown a Smarties tube, guesses it contains sweets, and finds pencils. Asked what a friend who has not looked will think is inside, a typical 3-year-old says "pencils". This shows:
In a variation of Asch's study, participants wrote their answers privately instead of saying them aloud, and conformity dropped sharply. What does this suggest?
Baumrind criticised Milgram's obedience study mainly because:
Which defence mechanism is shown when someone with strong hostile feelings towards a colleague acts in an excessively friendly way towards them?
A patient with schizophrenia stays motionless in an awkward posture for hours and resists attempts to move him. Which symptom cluster does this describe?
Answer: A · The context at retrieval matches the context at learning
Godden and Baddeley showed that recall is better when learning and recall contexts match, because cues present at encoding help retrieval.
Answer: C · Memory of pain followed the peak and the end, not duration
Retrospective evaluations follow the peak-end rule: the milder ending made the longer trial seem less unpleasant overall, even though it contained more total pain.
Answer: A · Moratorium
Moratorium is a period of active exploration without firm commitment. It often leads to identity achievement.
Answer: C · Difficulty understanding false beliefs
Like the Sally–Anne task, the Smarties task tests false-belief understanding. Most 3-year-olds fail, while most 4–5-year-olds pass.
Answer: C · Much of the original conformity was normative
Since the lines were unambiguous, conformity in public reflected the wish to fit in. When answers were private, that pressure was removed.
Answer: D · Participants were deceived and put under severe stress
Baumrind argued the deception and distress were not justified. Milgram replied that participants were debriefed and most later said they were glad to have taken part.
Answer: B · Reaction formation
Reaction formation turns an unacceptable impulse into its opposite, often in an exaggerated form.
Answer: A · Catatonia
Catatonic features include stupor, posturing, waxy flexibility, mutism and negativism. In DSM-5 catatonia can occur with schizophrenia, mood disorders or medical conditions.
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/introduction-to-psychology