1.Cognitive psychologyMedium
A strategy that breaks a problem into subgoals, each reducing the difference between the current state and the goal, is called:
- AIncubation
- BTrial and error
- CMeans–end analysis
- DInsight
Introduction to Psychology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Cognitive psychologyHard
A patient can recognise a car, a cup and a dog but cannot recognise the faces of close family members, identifying them by voice instead. This is:
- ABlindsight
- BSpatial neglect
- CWernicke's aphasia
- DProsopagnosia
3.Developmental psychologyMedium
Asked about the Heinz dilemma, a teenager says "Heinz should steal the drug because a good husband would do that for his wife". This reasoning is at Kohlberg's:
- APost-conventional level
- BSensorimotor level
- CConventional level
- DPre-conventional level
4.Developmental psychologyHard
The concept of "internal working model" in attachment theory refers to:
- AThe infant's memory for faces only
- BA mental representation of relationships based on early attachment experiences
- CA computer model of child development
- DA plan made by parents for their child's education
5.Social psychologyMedium
On a New York subway, a man who collapsed while carrying a cane was helped more often than a man who smelt of alcohol. Which model best explains this?
- ASocial identity theory
- BThe arousal: cost–reward model
- CThe matching hypothesis
- DThe empathy–altruism hypothesis
6.Social psychologyHard
In Walster's "computer dance" study, students were randomly paired. What best predicted whether they wanted to see their date again?
- ASimilarity in attractiveness, as the matching hypothesis predicts
- BSimilarity in personality test scores
- CThe date's physical attractiveness, regardless of their own
- DSimilarity in intelligence
7.Clinical psychologyMedium
A man is socially inhibited, feels inadequate and avoids jobs involving contact with people because he fears criticism, though he wants close relationships. Which disorder fits best?
- AHistrionic personality disorder
- BAvoidant personality disorder
- CSchizoid personality disorder
- DAntisocial personality disorder
8.Clinical psychologyHard
A man reports that his left arm became paralysed after a severe argument, but neurological examination shows findings inconsistent with any known neurological disease. Which DSM-5 diagnosis is most likely?
- AMalingering
- BFunctional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder)
- CBody dysmorphic disorder
- DIllness anxiety disorder
2Solutions
1.Cognitive psychology
Answer: C · Means–end analysis
Why this is the answer
Means–end analysis compares the current state with the goal and picks actions that reduce the gap, setting subgoals when a direct step is not possible.
Answer
C · Means–end analysis
2.Cognitive psychology
Answer: D · Prosopagnosia
Why this is the answer
Prosopagnosia is a selective impairment of face recognition, often after damage to the fusiform area, supporting specialised processing for faces.
Answer
D · Prosopagnosia
3.Developmental psychology
Answer: C · Conventional level
Why this is the answer
At the conventional level, morality is based on being a good person in others' eyes (stage 3) and on maintaining social order (stage 4).
Answer
C · Conventional level
4.Developmental psychology
Answer: B · A mental representation of relationships based on early attachment experiences
Why this is the answer
Bowlby proposed that early attachment creates internal models of the self and others that guide expectations and behaviour in later relationships.
Answer
B · A mental representation of relationships based on early attachment experiences
5.Social psychology
Answer: B · The arousal: cost–reward model
Why this is the answer
Piliavin and colleagues proposed that bystanders weigh the costs of helping and not helping. Higher perceived costs made helping the "drunk" less likely.
Answer
B · The arousal: cost–reward model
6.Social psychology
Answer: C · The date's physical attractiveness, regardless of their own
Why this is the answer
Physical attractiveness of the partner predicted liking for everyone, which did not support the matching hypothesis. Later studies of real couples found more matching.
Answer
C · The date's physical attractiveness, regardless of their own
7.Clinical psychology
Answer: B · Avoidant personality disorder
Why this is the answer
Avoidant personality disorder (Cluster C) involves hypersensitivity to negative evaluation and social inhibition. In schizoid personality disorder, the person shows little desire for close relationships.
Answer
B · Avoidant personality disorder
8.Clinical psychology
Answer: B · Functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder)
Why this is the answer
Functional neurological symptom disorder involves motor or sensory symptoms incompatible with recognised neurological conditions. It does not require proof of a psychological cause or that the symptoms are feigned.
Answer
B · Functional neurological symptom disorder (conversion disorder)
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