1.Cognitive psychologyMedium
A patient can no longer form new long-term memories after brain surgery but remembers events from before the operation. This is called:
- AAnterograde amnesia
- BDissociative amnesia
- CRetrograde amnesia
- DInfantile amnesia
Introduction to Psychology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Cognitive psychologyHard
Which concept describes better recall when study sessions are spread out over time rather than crammed?
- AThe testing effect
- BThe generation effect
- CThe spacing effect
- DThe von Restorff effect
3.Developmental psychologyMedium
In Mischel's "marshmallow test", children could eat one treat now or wait to get two. The task measures:
- AAttachment security
- BConservation
- CDelay of gratification
- DObject permanence
4.Developmental psychologyHard
Rovee-Collier tied a ribbon from a mobile to infants' ankles so that kicking moved it. Days later, infants kicked more on seeing the same mobile. This shows that young infants:
- ACan retain learned associations over days
- BCannot form any long-term memories
- CRemember only events that happened to others
- DOnly remember things they can name
5.Social psychologyMedium
Rosenthal and Jacobson told teachers that some randomly chosen pupils were about to "bloom" intellectually. Later, these pupils showed larger IQ gains, especially in the youngest classes. This shows:
- AA self-fulfilling prophecy from teacher expectations
- BThat the chosen pupils were truly more gifted
- CThat teachers' beliefs have no effect on pupils
- DThat IQ tests given in schools cannot be trusted
6.Social psychologyHard
Students heard a proposal for exams. When told it would affect them personally, argument quality mattered most. When told it would apply in future, the source's expertise mattered most. This supports:
- ALatané's social impact theory
- BBrehm's reactance theory
- CThe elaboration likelihood model
- DMcGuire's inoculation theory
7.Clinical psychologyMedium
Exposure and response prevention is the main psychological treatment for:
- AOCD
- BBipolar disorder
- CADHD
- DInsomnia
8.Clinical psychologyHard
A student believes "If I'm not perfect, I'm worthless." In Beck's model, this belief is best classed as:
- AA negative symptom of schizophrenia
- BA defence mechanism called sublimation, which channels distress into socially valued work
- CA hallucination that requires antipsychotics
- DA dysfunctional assumption or core belief that makes the person vulnerable
2Solutions
1.Cognitive psychology
Answer: A · Anterograde amnesia
Why this is the answer
Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new memories after the damage. Retrograde amnesia is loss of memories from before it.
Answer
A · Anterograde amnesia
2.Cognitive psychology
Answer: C · The spacing effect
Why this is the answer
Distributed practice produces better long-term retention than massed practice. The testing effect (retrieval practice) is a separate, complementary benefit.
Answer
C · The spacing effect
3.Developmental psychology
Answer: C · Delay of gratification
Why this is the answer
Delay of gratification is the ability to resist an immediate reward for a larger later one. Strategies like distraction helped children wait longer.
Answer
C · Delay of gratification
4.Developmental psychology
Answer: A · Can retain learned associations over days
Why this is the answer
The mobile paradigm showed that even young infants remember a learned contingency over time, especially when the test context matches the training context.
Answer
A · Can retain learned associations over days
5.Social psychology
Answer: A · A self-fulfilling prophecy from teacher expectations
Why this is the answer
Teachers' expectations seem to have changed how they treated the pupils, which improved performance. This is known as the Pygmalion effect.
Answer
A · A self-fulfilling prophecy from teacher expectations
6.Social psychology
Answer: C · The elaboration likelihood model
Why this is the answer
Petty, Cacioppo and Goldman showed that high involvement leads to central-route processing of arguments, while low involvement leads to peripheral cues like expertise.
Answer
C · The elaboration likelihood model
7.Clinical psychology
Answer: A · OCD
Why this is the answer
ERP exposes patients to obsessional triggers while preventing compulsions, so anxiety falls without the ritual.
Answer
A · OCD
8.Clinical psychology
Answer: D · A dysfunctional assumption or core belief that makes the person vulnerable
Why this is the answer
Beck distinguished surface negative automatic thoughts from deeper schemas and conditional assumptions. Such beliefs remain dormant until activated by a matching stressor, such as failure.
Answer
D · A dysfunctional assumption or core belief that makes the person vulnerable
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