Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
Encoding specificity means that recall is best when:
A patient with damage to primary visual cortex says he sees nothing in part of his visual field, yet points to objects there well above chance. This is called:
Which attachment type is shown by an infant who is very distressed at separation and both seeks and resists contact at reunion?
Hazan and Shaver's "love quiz" found that adults' romantic attachment styles:
Which concept describes believing that others share our opinions more than they actually do?
Kunst-Wilson and Zajonc showed octagons too briefly to be recognised. Later, participants could not tell old from new shapes but preferred the ones shown before. This suggests:
Which statement about the monoamine hypothesis of depression is most accurate?
Expressed emotion research led to family interventions in schizophrenia. Which outcome do these interventions most reliably improve?
Answer: C · The context at retrieval matches the context at learning
Godden and Baddeley showed that recall is better when learning and recall contexts match, because cues present at encoding help retrieval.
Answer: A · Blindsight
Blindsight shows that some visual processing can guide behaviour without conscious awareness, probably through pathways that bypass primary visual cortex.
Answer: D · Insecure-resistant (ambivalent)
Insecure-resistant infants are highly upset when the caregiver leaves and show ambivalence on reunion, seeking contact but also pushing away.
Answer: B · Matched infant type proportions and related to recalled childhood care
Adults' self-reported styles (secure, avoidant, anxious) appeared in proportions similar to infant studies and related to recalled parental relationships, though data were retrospective self-reports.
Answer: D · False consensus effect
The false consensus effect is the tendency to overestimate how common our own attitudes and behaviours are.
Answer: A · Mere exposure can raise liking without conscious recognition
The mere exposure effect can occur without awareness, suggesting affective reactions can be formed independently of conscious recognition.
Answer: D · It links depression to low monoamine activity but struggles to explain the delayed drug response
The hypothesis grew from the effects of drugs on monoamines. The delay of several weeks before benefit suggests that downstream changes, such as receptor adaptation, matter too.
Answer: A · Relapse and readmission rates
Family interventions that teach communication and problem solving and reduce criticism lower relapse and readmission, usually alongside medication.
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/introduction-to-psychology