Introduction to Psychology: cram pack

Kosslyn found that the time to mentally scan between two landmarks on an imagined map increased with their distance. This suggests that mental images:

1. AAre processed in the phonological loop
2. BCannot be inspected once formed
3. CPreserve spatial relationships of the real scene
4. DAre stored only as abstract verbal descriptions of the scene

Participants held a hand in painfully cold water for 60 seconds in one trial, and in another for 60 seconds plus 30 more seconds at a slightly warmer temperature. Most chose to repeat the longer trial. Why?

1. AMemory of pain followed the peak and the end, not duration
2. BThey wanted to please the researchers by choosing more
3. CThey were confused about which trial was which
4. DLonger experiences are always remembered as more pleasant ones

Kagan described some toddlers who are consistently shy, cautious and quiet with unfamiliar people and situations. This temperament is called:

1. AIdentity diffusion
2. BLearned helplessness
3. CBehavioural inhibition
4. DDisorganised attachment

According to Erikson, older adults who look back on life with a sense of fulfilment achieve:

1. AIntimacy
2. BIndustry
3. CIntegrity
4. DGenerativity

The foot-in-the-door technique works by:

1. AOffering a discount after the request
2. BMaking a large request first, which is refused, then a smaller one
3. CGetting agreement to a small request before making a larger one
4. DUsing fear to persuade

In Walster's "computer dance" study, students were randomly paired. What best predicted whether they wanted to see their date again?

1. AThe date's physical attractiveness, regardless of their own
2. BSimilarity in personality test scores
3. CSimilarity in intelligence
4. DSimilarity in attractiveness, as the matching hypothesis predicts

A man is socially inhibited, feels inadequate and avoids jobs involving contact with people because he fears criticism, though he wants close relationships. Which disorder fits best?

1. AAntisocial personality disorder
2. BAvoidant personality disorder
3. CSchizoid personality disorder
4. DHistrionic personality disorder

An older patient becomes confused over two days after starting a new medication, with attention that varies through the day. Her daughter says her memory was normal last week. What is the most appropriate interpretation?

1. ALate-onset schizophrenia
2. BDelirium, which needs a search for a physical or drug cause
3. CNormal ageing
4. DEarly Alzheimer's disease, which needs a referral to a memory clinic