Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
Inattentional blindness is shown by the study in which participants failed to notice:
Change blindness experiments show that people often:
Shown 7 roses and 3 tulips, a 5-year-old says there are more roses than flowers. Which ability is still lacking?
In Tronick's "still-face" procedure, a mother suddenly stops responding and keeps a neutral face. Infants typically react by:
Aronson and Mills found that women who went through an embarrassing initiation to join a dull discussion group rated it more positively than those with a mild initiation. This is:
In the Clarks' doll studies, many Black children preferred a white doll and described it as "nice". This research was cited in a US court case because it suggested:
In Ellis's ABC model, what does "B" stand for?
A therapist asks a client to rate the evidence for and against the thought "I always fail". Which technique is this?
Answer: C · A person in a gorilla suit walking through a basketball game
Simons and Chabris (1999) found that many people counting passes did not notice a gorilla crossing the scene, showing that unattended objects can go unseen.
Answer: C · Fail to notice large changes in a scene when the change happens during a brief interruption
When a visual change coincides with a disruption (a blink, a cut, a passing door), people frequently miss it, showing we store far less detail than we feel we do.
Answer: C · Class inclusion
Class inclusion is understanding that a subclass cannot be larger than the class that contains it. Piaget found it is usually mastered in the concrete operational stage.
Answer: A · Trying to re-engage her, then becoming upset and looking away
Infants respond with attempts to regain contact, then distress and withdrawal, showing that even young infants expect contingent social responses.
Answer: C · Effort justification
Effort justification is a form of dissonance reduction: people come to value something more when they have suffered or worked hard to get it.
Answer: C · Segregation harmed Black children's self-image
The findings were used to argue that segregation caused psychological harm, contributing to the US Supreme Court ruling that segregated schools were unconstitutional.
Answer: A · Beliefs about the activating event
In the ABC model, an Activating event leads to emotional Consequences through the person's Beliefs. Changing irrational beliefs changes the consequences.
Answer: B · Cognitive restructuring
Cognitive restructuring identifies automatic thoughts, examines evidence and replaces distortions such as overgeneralisation with balanced thoughts.
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