Introduction to Psychology: cram pack

In the Brown–Peterson task, participants count backwards by threes after seeing a trigram such as "KTR". The main finding was that:

1. ARecall stayed almost perfect even after 18 seconds of counting
2. BRecall fell sharply within about 18 seconds without rehearsal
3. COnly the first letter of each trigram tended to be forgotten
4. DCounting backwards made the trigrams easier to remember

In Sperling's experiments, participants saw a 3 × 4 grid of letters briefly. When a tone signalled which row to report immediately afterwards, they could report most letters of that row. What did this show?

1. AHearing a warning tone improves visual perception of nearby letters in general
2. BBriefly seen letters are transferred into long-term memory at once
3. CIconic memory holds only about four letters, however they are tested
4. DMost of the display is briefly held but fades before it can all be reported

An 18-year-old becomes a dentist like her parents expected, without ever considering other options. In Marcia's model, her identity status is:

1. AIdentity diffusion
2. BMoratorium
3. CIdentity achievement
4. DForeclosure

Wynn showed 5-month-olds one doll, then a second doll being added behind a screen. When the screen dropped to reveal only one doll, infants looked longer. This suggests infants:

1. AHave basic expectations about small numbers
2. BHave already learned to count aloud
3. CCannot see objects behind screens
4. DPrefer one doll to two dolls

Everyone laughs at a comedian, Sam laughs at this comedian but at no others, and Sam always laughs at her. Using Kelley's covariation model, the cause is most likely:

1. AThe comedian
2. BSam's personality
3. CChance circumstances
4. DSam's mood that night

In Ross's quiz study, randomly assigned questioners wrote hard questions for contestants. Observers rated the questioners as more knowledgeable. Why is this an attribution error?

1. AThe contestants knew the answers but chose to hide them
2. BThe questioners' role advantage was taken as ability
3. CThe observers believed the roles were assigned by skill
4. DThe questioners really were more intelligent overall

Benzodiazepines reduce anxiety mainly by:

1. AEnhancing the effect of GABA at GABA-A receptors
2. BInhibiting monoamine oxidase
3. CBlocking serotonin reuptake into presynaptic neurons
4. DBlocking dopamine D2 receptors

A researcher finds that adoptees whose biological mothers had schizophrenia develop it more often than adoptees whose biological mothers did not, despite being raised by unaffected families. What does this design help to separate?

1. APositive symptoms from negative symptoms
2. BGenetic influences from the effects of the rearing environment
3. CThe effects of antipsychotic medication from the effects of psychological therapy
4. DDiagnosis by DSM from diagnosis by ICD