Introduction to Psychology: cram pack

In a lexical decision task, people recognise "nurse" as a word faster after seeing "doctor" than after seeing "bread". This is best explained by:

1. ASpreading activation in a semantic network
2. BThe phonological similarity effect
3. CRetroactive interference
4. DIconic memory decay

When older adults recall autobiographical memories, they recall a disproportionately large number from roughly ages 10 to 30. This is called:

1. AFlashbulb memory
2. BInfantile amnesia
3. CThe reminiscence bump
4. DThe recency effect

A study finds that the heritability of height in a population is about 0.8. What does this mean?

1. A80% of people in that group inherit height from their mother
2. B80% of each person's own height is caused by their genes
3. CHeight in that group cannot be changed by the environment
4. D80% of height differences in that group are linked to genes

Rovee-Collier tied a ribbon from a mobile to infants' ankles so that kicking moved it. Days later, infants kicked more on seeing the same mobile. This shows that young infants:

1. AOnly remember things they can name
2. BRemember only events that happened to others
3. CCan retain learned associations over days
4. DCannot form any long-term memories

The self-serving bias is the tendency to:

1. AAttribute successes to ourselves and failures to external factors
2. BUnderestimate our own abilities
3. CRecall only negative information about ourselves, especially after failure
4. DAttribute others' failures to bad luck

Moscovici's research showed that a consistent minority can influence a majority mainly through:

1. APunishment of dissenters
2. BObedience to authority
3. CInformational influence leading to private, deeper attitude change
4. DNormative pressure leading to quick public compliance with the minority

In Beck's cognitive model of depression, the "cognitive triad" consists of negative views about:

1. AParents, friends and teachers
2. BBody, mind and spirit
3. COneself, the world and the future
4. DOne's past, present and future only

A therapist helps a client with panic disorder deliberately bring on dizziness by spinning in a chair, without using safety behaviours. What is this technique called and why is it used?

1. AAversion therapy, so the client learns to associate panic with physical discomfort
2. BFlooding, so the client forgets their trauma
3. CInteroceptive exposure, so the client learns bodily sensations are not dangerous
4. DFree association, so unconscious fears come to light