1.Cognitive psychologyMedium
Counting the windows in your house by picturing walking around it mainly uses which working memory component?
- AThe episodic buffer
- BThe visuospatial sketchpad
- CThe phonological loop
- DLong-term procedural memory
Introduction to Psychology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Cognitive psychologyHard
Patient D.F. could not report the orientation of a slot but could accurately post a card through it. Milner and Goodale used this to support the idea of:
- AFeature binding through focused spatial attention
- BEarly selection of attention before perception
- CSeparate visual streams for perception and action
- DA single visual system used for every visual task
3.Developmental psychologyMedium
Fantz showed infants pairs of patterns and measured how long they looked at each. Many young infants looked longest at:
- APlain coloured discs
- BPrinted text
- CFace-like patterns
- DBlank grey cards
4.Developmental psychologyHard
In Vygotsky's theory, private speech in young children is seen as:
- AA tool for guiding their own thinking that later becomes inner speech
- BSpeech mainly intended to communicate information to other people nearby
- CA symptom of a language delay
- DA sign of egocentrism with no function
5.Social psychologyMedium
Research comparing American and Indian participants found that the fundamental attribution error was:
- AStronger among Indians, who live in a more collectivist culture
- BStronger among Americans, who live in a more individualist culture
- CAbsent in American participants
- DExactly the same in both cultures
6.Social psychologyHard
A teenager adopts the style and opinions of an admired older cousin, but drops them once the two are no longer close. Kelman would call this:
- AInternalisation
- BIdentification
- CObedience
- DCompliance
7.Clinical psychologyMedium
Which statement best distinguishes obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) from OCD?
- AOCPD always involves hand washing
- BIn OCPD, intrusive unwanted thoughts trigger rituals that the person recognises as excessive
- CIn OCPD, perfectionism and rigidity are usually experienced as acceptable parts of the self
- DOCPD is a psychotic disorder
8.Clinical psychologyHard
A client's binge eating occurs at least once a week for three months, with loss of control and distress, but no vomiting, laxatives or excessive exercise. Which diagnosis fits?
- ABinge-eating disorder
- BAnorexia nervosa, binge-purge type
- CAvoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
- DBulimia nervosa
2Solutions
1.Cognitive psychology
Answer: B · The visuospatial sketchpad
Why this is the answer
The visuospatial sketchpad stores and manipulates visual and spatial information, such as a mental image of a building and its layout.
Answer
B · The visuospatial sketchpad
2.Cognitive psychology
Answer: C · Separate visual streams for perception and action
Why this is the answer
D.F.'s ventral stream damage impaired conscious perception of form, while her intact dorsal stream still guided actions, supporting the two-streams hypothesis.
Answer
C · Separate visual streams for perception and action
3.Developmental psychology
Answer: C · Face-like patterns
Why this is the answer
Fantz's research suggested that even very young infants prefer complex, face-like stimuli, supporting an early bias towards social information.
Answer
C · Face-like patterns
4.Developmental psychology
Answer: A · A tool for guiding their own thinking that later becomes inner speech
Why this is the answer
Vygotsky saw private speech as self-regulating; it gradually becomes silent inner speech. Piaget instead saw it as egocentric.
Answer
A · A tool for guiding their own thinking that later becomes inner speech
5.Social psychology
Answer: B · Stronger among Americans, who live in a more individualist culture
Why this is the answer
Miller found that people from collectivist cultures more often mention situational and social factors, so the bias is partly shaped by culture.
Answer
B · Stronger among Americans, who live in a more individualist culture
6.Social psychology
Answer: B · Identification
Why this is the answer
Identification is adopting behaviours or attitudes to be like a valued person or group. It is deeper than compliance but less permanent than internalisation.
Answer
B · Identification
7.Clinical psychology
Answer: C · In OCPD, perfectionism and rigidity are usually experienced as acceptable parts of the self
Why this is the answer
OCPD is a pervasive pattern of perfectionism, orderliness and control that the person sees as appropriate (ego-syntonic). OCD obsessions are unwanted and distressing (ego-dystonic).
Answer
C · In OCPD, perfectionism and rigidity are usually experienced as acceptable parts of the self
8.Clinical psychology
Answer: A · Binge-eating disorder
Why this is the answer
Binge-eating disorder involves recurrent binges with distress but without regular compensatory behaviour. Bulimia requires compensatory behaviour, and anorexia requires significantly low weight.
Answer
A · Binge-eating disorder
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