Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
In Collins and Quillian's hierarchical network model, why does "A canary is an animal" take longer to verify than "A canary is a bird"?
Countries where people are organ donors unless they opt out have far higher donor rates than countries where people must opt in. This is best explained by:
In Kohlberg's theory, a person who judges right and wrong mainly by avoiding punishment is at which level?
For a trait, identical twins correlate 0.8 and fraternal twins correlate 0.5. Using Falconer's formula, the rough heritability estimate is:
Burger's 2009 partial replication of Milgram stopped at 150 volts for ethical reasons. What did it find?
Pettigrew and Tropp's meta-analysis of over 500 studies on intergroup contact found that:
The therapeutic alliance refers to:
A man who hears the word "thud" is admitted to hospital, then behaves normally. Staff record his note-taking as "engages in writing behaviour". In Rosenhan's study, what does this illustrate?
Answer: B · More levels must be travelled to reach "animal"
In the model, properties are stored at the highest level they apply to, so verifying a link to a more distant node takes more time.
Answer: C · The default effect and status quo bias
People tend to stick with the default option because changing requires effort and the default may seem recommended. Johnson and Goldstein showed large differences in consent rates.
Answer: B · Pre-conventional
Pre-conventional morality is based on punishment and self-interest; conventional on social rules and approval; post-conventional on universal principles.
Answer: A · 0.6
2 × (0.8 − 0.5) = 0.6. The formula assumes both twin types share their environments to the same degree, which may not be fully true.
Answer: B · Obedience was similar to Milgram's at that point
Most participants who continue past 150 volts tend to go to the end, so Burger used it as a safe cut-off. Obedience at that point was only slightly lower than Milgram's.
Answer: B · Contact usually reduces prejudice; Allport's conditions add to it
Contact was linked to lower prejudice across many groups and settings. Optimal conditions made the effect larger, but they were not essential for some reduction.
Answer: D · The collaborative bond and agreement on goals and tasks between therapist and client
The therapeutic alliance consistently predicts therapy outcome across different approaches, which supports the importance of common factors in psychotherapy.
Answer: D · Once a label is applied, normal behaviour tends to be interpreted as a sign of the disorder
Rosenhan argued that the label "schizophrenic" made staff see ordinary behaviour as pathological. Critics such as Spitzer argued the study did not prove diagnosis was invalid.
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