Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
In a lexical decision task, people recognise "nurse" as a word faster after seeing "doctor" than after seeing "bread". This is best explained by:
When older adults recall autobiographical memories, they recall a disproportionately large number from roughly ages 10 to 30. This is called:
In Vygotsky's theory, an older sibling who helps a child learn to tie shoelaces is acting as:
In Tronick's "still-face" procedure, a mother suddenly stops responding and keeps a neutral face. Infants typically react by:
In Asch's impression studies, changing one word in a list of traits from "warm" to "cold" greatly changed the overall impression. This suggests "warm" is a:
Kunst-Wilson and Zajonc showed octagons too briefly to be recognised. Later, participants could not tell old from new shapes but preferred the ones shown before. This suggests:
Exposure and response prevention is the main psychological treatment for:
A client with OCD checks the stove twenty times before leaving home. Why does checking maintain the disorder, according to the cognitive-behavioural model?
Answer: B · Spreading activation in a semantic network
Collins and Loftus proposed that activating a concept spreads activation to related concepts, making them easier to access (semantic priming).
Answer: C · The reminiscence bump
The reminiscence bump may reflect many novel, identity-forming experiences in adolescence and early adulthood that are well encoded and frequently rehearsed.
Answer: B · A more knowledgeable other
The more knowledgeable other is a person with more skill who guides the learner within the zone of proximal development. It can be a parent, teacher or peer.
Answer: D · Trying to re-engage her, then becoming upset and looking away
Infants respond with attempts to regain contact, then distress and withdrawal, showing that even young infants expect contingent social responses.
Answer: A · Central trait
Central traits such as warm and cold shape how other traits are interpreted, while peripheral traits have little effect on the overall impression.
Answer: B · Mere exposure can raise liking without conscious recognition
The mere exposure effect can occur without awareness, suggesting affective reactions can be formed independently of conscious recognition.
Answer: C · OCD
ERP exposes patients to obsessional triggers while preventing compulsions, so anxiety falls without the ritual.
Answer: D · Relief after checking reinforces it and blocks learning that the fear is unfounded
Compulsions are negatively reinforced by short-term relief and stop the person learning that anxiety falls on its own. This is why ERP blocks the ritual.
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