Introduction to Psychology: cram pack

A friend walking away from you does not seem to shrink, even though their image on your retina gets smaller. This is called:

1. ALinear perspective
2. BSize constancy
3. CShape constancy
4. DFigure–ground organisation

In Treisman's feature integration theory, why is finding a red X among red Os and blue Xs slow?

1. ASingle features cannot be detected without attention
2. BCombining features (a conjunction) requires focused attention to each item
3. CRed is processed more slowly than blue
4. DLetters cannot be searched visually

Older adults often prefer spending time with a few close friends rather than meeting new people. Carstensen's socioemotional selectivity theory explains this as:

1. AA decline in crystallised intelligence and memory
2. BFear of strangers that grows steadily in later life
3. CA gradual loss of social skills that tends to come with increasing age
4. DFocusing on emotionally meaningful goals as time feels shorter

Cross-sectional studies suggested large declines in intelligence after middle age, but Schaie's longitudinal data showed smaller declines. A main reason for the difference is:

1. ALongitudinal studies always use younger samples
2. BIntelligence tests do not work with older adults
3. CCohort effects, such as differences in education between generations
4. DCross-sectional studies follow the same people over a long period of time

Which concept describes believing that others share our opinions more than they actually do?

1. AFalse consensus effect
2. BHalo effect
3. CJust-world belief
4. DFundamental attribution error

After choosing between two similarly rated household appliances, participants rated the chosen one higher and the rejected one lower than before. This is called:

1. AThe sleeper effect in product judgements
2. BSpreading of alternatives after a decision
3. CThe mere exposure effect for owned items
4. DReactance against the rejected option

Patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) must avoid foods rich in tyramine because:

1. ATyramine causes severe weight loss
2. BThe combination causes tardive dyskinesia
3. CTyramine blocks the antidepressant effect of MAOIs completely
4. DThe combination can cause a dangerous rise in blood pressure

A therapist helps a client with panic disorder deliberately bring on dizziness by spinning in a chair, without using safety behaviours. What is this technique called and why is it used?

1. AInteroceptive exposure, so the client learns bodily sensations are not dangerous
2. BFlooding, so the client forgets their trauma
3. CAversion therapy, so the client learns to associate panic with physical discomfort
4. DFree association, so unconscious fears come to light