Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
Inattentional blindness is shown by the study in which participants failed to notice:
Gick and Holyoak gave participants a story about an army attacking a fortress from many sides, then Duncker's radiation problem. What did they find?
A toddler watches another child have a tantrum and copies it the next day. Piaget saw this deferred imitation as evidence of:
The concept of "internal working model" in attachment theory refers to:
Tom says he tripped because the floor was wet, but when he sees someone else trip he thinks they are clumsy. This is the:
Zanna and Cooper gave participants a placebo pill, telling some it would make them tense. After writing a counter-attitudinal essay, those told the pill causes tension showed little attitude change. This supports the idea that:
Which criterion of abnormality judges behaviour as abnormal when it is rare in the population?
A therapist says: "Rather than fighting the thought 'I'm a failure', notice it as just a thought, and act on what matters to you." Which therapy does this best represent?
Answer: D · A person in a gorilla suit walking through a basketball game
Simons and Chabris (1999) found that many people counting passes did not notice a gorilla crossing the scene, showing that unattended objects can go unseen.
Answer: B · Few used the analogy until told the story might help
Analogical transfer often fails because people do not notice the deep structural similarity between problems with different surface features. A hint greatly increased transfer.
Answer: A · Mental representation
Imitating an absent model requires an internal representation of the action. Piaget placed this at the end of the sensorimotor stage.
Answer: D · A mental representation of relationships based on early attachment experiences
Bowlby proposed that early attachment creates internal models of the self and others that guide expectations and behaviour in later relationships.
Answer: A · Actor–observer bias
As actors we see the situation around us, so we make situational attributions for ourselves and dispositional attributions for others.
Answer: B · Dissonance involves arousal that people try to explain
When participants could misattribute their discomfort to the pill, they had no need to change attitudes. This suggests dissonance is an unpleasant arousal state.
Answer: D · Statistical infrequency
Statistical infrequency defines abnormality as behaviour far from the average. Its weakness is that some rare traits, such as very high IQ, are desirable.
Answer: B · Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)
ACT (Hayes) uses acceptance, cognitive defusion and values-based action. Unlike traditional cognitive therapy, it does not try to dispute the content of thoughts.
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