Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
People verify "A robin is a bird" faster than "A penguin is a bird". This finding supports:
After a stroke in the right parietal lobe, a patient eats only from the right side of the plate and draws only the right half of a clock. This is:
In Mischel's "marshmallow test", children could eat one treat now or wait to get two. The task measures:
Van IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis of Strange Situation studies in many countries found that:
A message from a low-credibility source becomes more persuasive weeks later, as people forget where it came from. This is the:
Jones and Harris had participants read an essay supporting Castro. Even when told the writer had been assigned the position, participants judged the writer to be pro-Castro. This demonstrates:
A client says "I failed one test, so I will fail everything." Which cognitive distortion is this?
Which statement about the placebo effect in antidepressant trials is most accurate?
Answer: A · Prototype theory and graded category membership
The typicality effect shows that category membership is graded. Items close to the prototype are classified faster, which the classical definitional view cannot explain.
Answer: A · Unilateral spatial neglect
Spatial neglect after right parietal damage causes a failure to attend to the left side of space, although vision itself may be intact.
Answer: B · Delay of gratification
Delay of gratification is the ability to resist an immediate reward for a larger later one. Strategies like distraction helped children wait longer.
Answer: C · Secure was most common everywhere; variation within countries was larger
Secure attachment was the most common type in all countries studied, but the proportion of insecure types varied. Differences within countries were larger than those between countries.
Answer: D · Sleeper effect
Hovland found that the discounting cue (an untrustworthy source) fades from memory faster than the message, so persuasion can increase over time.
Answer: B · The fundamental attribution error
Participants underweighted the situational constraint and inferred a matching attitude, which is the central demonstration of correspondence bias.
Answer: D · Overgeneralisation
Overgeneralisation draws a sweeping conclusion from a single event. Beck's cognitive therapy teaches clients to notice and test such distortions.
Answer: B · Placebo response rates are substantial, so trials need control groups to show drug effects
Placebo response in depression trials is often 30–40%, so randomised placebo-controlled designs are needed to show the specific effect of a drug.
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