Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 6 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
Why should a child with rubella avoid contact with pregnant women?
A 7-year-old has a fever, joint pain moving from joint to joint and a new heart murmur, three weeks after a sore throat. What should the nurse suspect?
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A practice protocol calls for a heparin bolus of 60 units/kg for a patient who weighs 72 kg. The vial contains 5 000 units/mL. What volume V do you draw up? Round to two decimal places.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A bag contains dopamine 800 mg in 500 mL. The order is 5 mcg/kg/min for a patient who weighs 103 kg. At what rate R do you set the pump, in mL/h? Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). The record shows a patient's intake and output for one 12-hour shift. The IV infusion ran at the rate shown for the whole shift. Find the total intake I in mL. Count ice chips as half their volume.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A 1000 mL bag runs by pump at 125 mL/h. At 21:30, 550 mL have already been infused. How many hours t until the bag is empty? Round to one decimal place.
Answer: C · Rubella in early pregnancy can cause serious birth defects
Congenital rubella syndrome can cause deafness, eye defects such as cataracts, heart defects and developmental problems, especially when infection occurs early in pregnancy. MMR vaccination protects against this.
Answer: B · Acute rheumatic fever
Acute rheumatic fever follows group A streptococcal pharyngitis and causes migratory polyarthritis, carditis, rashes and chorea. Carditis can lead to rheumatic heart disease. Treating streptococcal sore throats prevents it.
Answer: V = 0.86 mL
Heparin and insulin infusions: concentration = units in the bag/bag volume (units/mL). Pump rate (mL/h) = units per hour/concentration, and units per hour = mL/h × concentration. For a weight-based order, units/h = units/kg/h × weight first. A bolus volume = units needed/vial strength. The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: R = 19.3 mL/h
Titrated drips: first find the concentration in mcg/mL (mg × 1000/mL). For a weight-based order, mcg/min = mcg/kg/min × weight. Then mL/h = mcg/min × 60/concentration. Working backwards, mcg/kg/min = mL/h × concentration/(60 × weight). The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: I = 1640 mL
Intake and output: intake counts everything that goes in (oral fluids, IV infusions, IV medications and flushes, tube feeds); ice chips count as half their volume. Output counts urine, drains, vomit and other losses. Balance = total intake − total output; a negative balance is a net loss. The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: t = 3.6 h
Infusion time: time (h) = volume to infuse (mL)/rate (mL/h); use the volume still left in the bag, not the bag size. Volume infused = rate × time. Convert decimal hours to hours and minutes with the fraction × 60 (0.5 h = 30 min, not 50 min). The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
That is about 3 h 36 min, so the bag runs out at about 01:06.
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