Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 6 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
A family has a 2-year-old. Which advice about medicines at home is best?
The nurse has taught the parents of a child with type 1 diabetes. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A practice protocol calls for a heparin bolus of 60 units/kg for a patient who weighs 82 kg. The vial contains 5 000 units/mL. What volume V do you draw up? Round to two decimal places.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A bag contains dopamine 400 mg in 250 mL. The order is 2 mcg/kg/min for a patient who weighs 94 kg. At what rate R do you set the pump, in mL/h? Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). The record shows a patient's intake and output for one 8-hour shift. The IV infusion ran at the rate shown for the whole shift. Find the total intake I in mL. Count ice chips as half their volume.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A 1000 mL bag runs by pump at 100 mL/h. At 13:00, 200 mL have already been infused. How many hours t until the bag is empty? Round to one decimal place.
Answer: C · Lock all medicines away, out of reach and sight, in child-resistant containers
Toddlers explore by climbing and putting things in their mouths. Medicines should be locked away and put back immediately after use. Calling medicine sweets encourages children to take it on their own.
Answer: D · "For a low, I'll give her a chocolate bar, because it's the fastest sugar."
Hypoglycaemia is treated with fast-acting carbohydrate such as glucose tablets or a sugary drink. Chocolate contains fat, which slows absorption, so it is not a good first treatment. The other statements are correct.
Answer: V = 0.98 mL
Heparin and insulin infusions: concentration = units in the bag/bag volume (units/mL). Pump rate (mL/h) = units per hour/concentration, and units per hour = mL/h × concentration. For a weight-based order, units/h = units/kg/h × weight first. A bolus volume = units needed/vial strength. The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: R = 7.1 mL/h
Titrated drips: first find the concentration in mcg/mL (mg × 1000/mL). For a weight-based order, mcg/min = mcg/kg/min × weight. Then mL/h = mcg/min × 60/concentration. Working backwards, mcg/kg/min = mL/h × concentration/(60 × weight). The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: I = 1700 mL
Intake and output: intake counts everything that goes in (oral fluids, IV infusions, IV medications and flushes, tube feeds); ice chips count as half their volume. Output counts urine, drains, vomit and other losses. Balance = total intake − total output; a negative balance is a net loss. The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: t = 8 h
Infusion time: time (h) = volume to infuse (mL)/rate (mL/h); use the volume still left in the bag, not the bag size. Volume infused = rate × time. Convert decimal hours to hours and minutes with the fraction × 60 (0.5 h = 30 min, not 50 min). The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
That is about 8 h 00 min, so the bag runs out at about 21:00.
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