Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 6 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
At about what age do most children understand that death is permanent and happens to everyone?
A school-age child takes methylphenidate for ADHD. Which teaching point is most important?
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion contains 250 units of regular insulin in 250 mL. The order is 8 units/h. Find the pump rate R in mL/h. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dobutamine infusion of 500 mg in 250 mL runs at 12 mL/h. The patient weighs 57 kg. What dose D in mcg/kg/min is the patient receiving? Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). The record shows a patient's intake and output for one 8-hour shift. The IV infusion ran at the rate shown for the whole shift. Find the fluid balance B = intake − output in mL (a negative answer means a net loss).
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A 500 mL infusion starts at 16:30 at 75 mL/h. After 4 hours the rate is changed to 200 mL/h and is not changed again. How many hours t after the start will the bag be empty? Round to one decimal place.
Answer: A · About 9 to 10 years
By about 9–10 years most children understand that death is irreversible, universal and has a biological cause. Younger children may see it as temporary or as a punishment.
Answer: A · Take the dose in the morning, and monitor appetite, sleep and growth
Stimulants can reduce appetite and cause insomnia, so they are given early in the day. Height, weight, blood pressure and heart rate are monitored during treatment.
Answer: R = 8 mL/h
Heparin and insulin infusions: concentration = units in the bag/bag volume (units/mL). Pump rate (mL/h) = units per hour/concentration, and units per hour = mL/h × concentration. For a weight-based order, units/h = units/kg/h × weight first. A bolus volume = units needed/vial strength. The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: D = 7 mcg/kg/min
Titrated drips: first find the concentration in mcg/mL (mg × 1000/mL). For a weight-based order, mcg/min = mcg/kg/min × weight. Then mL/h = mcg/min × 60/concentration. Working backwards, mcg/kg/min = mL/h × concentration/(60 × weight). The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: B = −10 mL
Intake and output: intake counts everything that goes in (oral fluids, IV infusions, IV medications and flushes, tube feeds); ice chips count as half their volume. Output counts urine, drains, vomit and other losses. Balance = total intake − total output; a negative balance is a net loss. The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Negative: the patient lost more fluid than went in.
Answer: t = 5 h
Infusion time: time (h) = volume to infuse (mL)/rate (mL/h); use the volume still left in the bag, not the bag size. Volume infused = rate × time. Convert decimal hours to hours and minutes with the fraction × 60 (0.5 h = 30 min, not 50 min). The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
That is about 5 h 00 min, so the bag runs out at about 21:30.
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