Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 6 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
Which instruction about using an adrenaline (epinephrine) auto-injector is correct?
A family insists on staying with their child during a painful procedure. What is the most appropriate response in family-centred care?
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion contains 250 units of regular insulin in 250 mL. The order is 1 unit/h. Find the pump rate R in mL/h. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dopamine infusion of 800 mg in 500 mL runs at 14 mL/h. The patient weighs 80 kg. What dose D in mcg/kg/min is the patient receiving? Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). The record shows a patient's intake and output for one 8-hour shift. The IV infusion ran at the rate shown for the whole shift. Find the total intake I in mL. Count ice chips as half their volume.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A 500 mL bag runs by pump at 60 mL/h. At 18:00, 200 mL have already been infused. How many hours t until the bag is empty? Round to one decimal place.
Answer: B · Inject into the outer thigh, through clothing if needed, and call emergency services
Auto-injectors are given into the outer mid-thigh and can go through clothing. Emergency services are called after every use, as symptoms can recur, and a second dose may be needed.
Answer: B · Support their presence, prepare them for what they will see and give them a comforting role
Family presence during procedures is supported in family-centred care. Prepare parents, give them a role such as holding or distracting the child, and let them choose whether to stay.
Answer: R = 1 mL/h
Heparin and insulin infusions: concentration = units in the bag/bag volume (units/mL). Pump rate (mL/h) = units per hour/concentration, and units per hour = mL/h × concentration. For a weight-based order, units/h = units/kg/h × weight first. A bolus volume = units needed/vial strength. The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: D = 4.7 mcg/kg/min
Titrated drips: first find the concentration in mcg/mL (mg × 1000/mL). For a weight-based order, mcg/min = mcg/kg/min × weight. Then mL/h = mcg/min × 60/concentration. Working backwards, mcg/kg/min = mL/h × concentration/(60 × weight). The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: I = 1360 mL
Intake and output: intake counts everything that goes in (oral fluids, IV infusions, IV medications and flushes, tube feeds); ice chips count as half their volume. Output counts urine, drains, vomit and other losses. Balance = total intake − total output; a negative balance is a net loss. The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: t = 5 h
Infusion time: time (h) = volume to infuse (mL)/rate (mL/h); use the volume still left in the bag, not the bag size. Volume infused = rate × time. Convert decimal hours to hours and minutes with the fraction × 60 (0.5 h = 30 min, not 50 min). The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
That is about 5 h 00 min, so the bag runs out at about 23:00.
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/pediatric-nursing