Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 6 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
Which advice best prevents dog bites in young children?
A 3-year-old says the IV pump "is angry" when it beeps. Which feature of thinking does this show?
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A bag contains 20 000 units of heparin in 500 mL. The order is 14 units/kg/h for a patient who weighs 53 kg. At what rate R do you set the pump, in mL/h? Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dobutamine infusion of 500 mg in 250 mL runs at 26 mL/h. The patient weighs 84 kg. What dose D in mcg/kg/min is the patient receiving? Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). The record shows a patient's intake and output for one 8-hour shift. The IV infusion ran at the rate shown for the whole shift. Find the total intake I in mL. Count ice chips as half their volume.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A 1000 mL infusion starts at 08:00 at 120 mL/h. After 3 hours the rate is changed to 80 mL/h and is not changed again. How many hours t after the start will the bag be empty? Round to one decimal place.
Answer: D · Never leave a young child alone with a dog, even the family pet
Most dog bites to young children are from familiar dogs, often to the face. Constant supervision, teaching children not to disturb dogs that are eating or sleeping and not to hug or stare at dogs reduces the risk.
Answer: D · Animism, typical of preoperational thinking
Animism, giving lifelike qualities to objects, is a feature of Piaget's preoperational stage. Nurses can use it by explaining equipment in simple, friendly terms and letting the child touch it.
Answer: R = 18.6 mL/h
Heparin and insulin infusions: concentration = units in the bag/bag volume (units/mL). Pump rate (mL/h) = units per hour/concentration, and units per hour = mL/h × concentration. For a weight-based order, units/h = units/kg/h × weight first. A bolus volume = units needed/vial strength. The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: D = 10.3 mcg/kg/min
Titrated drips: first find the concentration in mcg/mL (mg × 1000/mL). For a weight-based order, mcg/min = mcg/kg/min × weight. Then mL/h = mcg/min × 60/concentration. Working backwards, mcg/kg/min = mL/h × concentration/(60 × weight). The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: I = 1140 mL
Intake and output: intake counts everything that goes in (oral fluids, IV infusions, IV medications and flushes, tube feeds); ice chips count as half their volume. Output counts urine, drains, vomit and other losses. Balance = total intake − total output; a negative balance is a net loss. The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: t = 11 h
Infusion time: time (h) = volume to infuse (mL)/rate (mL/h); use the volume still left in the bag, not the bag size. Volume infused = rate × time. Convert decimal hours to hours and minutes with the fraction × 60 (0.5 h = 30 min, not 50 min). The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
That is about 11 h 00 min, so the bag runs out at about 19:00.
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