1Formulas and methods
Reading comprehension (entrance exams)
Method
- Read the question first so you know what you are looking for.
- Skim the passage for its topic and main point; the first or last sentence often states it.
- Go back to the exact lines that answer the question.
- For inferences, choose the option the clues most strongly support, not one that goes further.
- For labels and tables, apply every rule that fits the case and do the small calculation carefully.
English grammar & language usage (entrance exams)
Method
- Find the subject and the verb of the sentence before choosing a form.
- Strip away phrases (of the …, along with …) and extra people (you and …) to test agreement and pronoun case.
- Check each clause: can it stand alone? Join independent clauses with a comma + conjunction or a semicolon.
- Check modifiers and lists: the describing phrase next to its word, items in the same form.
- For word choice and register, pick the precise, formal and concise option.
Healthcare vocabulary (entrance exams)
Method
- Read the whole sentence and look for a context clue: a definition, a contrast, an example or a cause and effect.
- Split an unfamiliar word into prefix, root and suffix and translate each part.
- Read a medical term from the suffix back to the start (hepat-itis: inflammation of the liver).
- Put each option into the sentence and check that the meaning still fits.
- Choose the meaning used in this sentence, even if the word has another everyday meaning.
2Practice problems
1.Reading comprehension (entrance exams)Medium
“Many people think bats are blind. In fact, bats can see, and many species also use echolocation, sending out sounds and listening for the echoes, to find their way in the dark.” What is echolocation, according to the passage?
- ASeeing clearly in complete darkness
- BUsing echoes of sounds to find the way
- CFlying in large groups at night
- DSmelling food from far away
2.Reading comprehension (entrance exams)Hard
“Ten patients tried a new sleep app. Eight said they slept better. The app company now claims: ‘Proven to cure insomnia!’” Why is the claim not justified?
- AThe app should have been tested on one patient.
- BSleep apps cannot be used by patients at home.
- CEight out of ten is less than half of the patients.
- DTen self-reports without a comparison group prove little.
3.English grammar & language usage (entrance exams)Medium
Which sentence punctuates the interrupted quotation correctly in American style?
- A“If you feel pain,” the nurse said. “Press the button.”
- B“If you feel pain” the nurse said “press the button.”
- C“If you feel pain”, the nurse said, “press the button”.
- D“If you feel pain,” the nurse said, “press the button.”
4.English grammar & language usage (entrance exams)Hard
Which revision removes the ambiguous pronoun? “When Jason told Ben the news, he was upset.”
- ABen was upset when Jason told him the news.
- BHe was upset when Jason told Ben the news.
- CWhen Jason told Ben the news, he got upset.
- DWhen Jason told him the news, Ben he was upset.
5.Healthcare vocabulary (entrance exams)Medium
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient was given an enema before the bowel test.”
- AA tube passed into the stomach through the nose
- BAn injection into the space around the spine
- CFluid put into the rectum to empty the bowel
- DA tablet placed under the tongue
6.Healthcare vocabulary (entrance exams)Hard
Which word means “difficult or laboured breathing”?
- AApnoea
- BEupnoea
- CDyspnoea
- DHyperpnoea
3Solutions
1.Reading comprehension (entrance exams)
Answer: B · Using echoes of sounds to find the way
Why this is the answer
The passage explains echolocation as sending out sounds and listening for the echoes to find the way in the dark.
B · Using echoes of sounds to find the way
2.Reading comprehension (entrance exams)
Answer: D · Ten self-reports without a comparison group prove little.
Why this is the answer
A tiny group, no control group and self-reported results cannot show that the app cures insomnia. “Proven” and “cure” overstate the evidence.
D · Ten self-reports without a comparison group prove little.
3.English grammar & language usage (entrance exams)
Answer: D · “If you feel pain,” the nurse said, “press the button.”
Why this is the answer
When a speech tag interrupts one quoted sentence, commas go on both sides of the tag, and the second part continues in lowercase. C turns the first part into a fragment. British (logical) style may put the first comma outside the marks, but American style keeps it inside.
D · “If you feel pain,” the nurse said, “press the button.”
4.English grammar & language usage (entrance exams)
Answer: A · Ben was upset when Jason told him the news.
Why this is the answer
A names Ben as the person who was upset, and “him” can only refer to Ben. B and C keep the unclear “he”, and D is ungrammatical.
A · Ben was upset when Jason told him the news.
5.Healthcare vocabulary (entrance exams)
Answer: C · Fluid put into the rectum to empty the bowel
Why this is the answer
An enema is fluid introduced into the rectum to clean out or stimulate the bowel.
C · Fluid put into the rectum to empty the bowel
6.Healthcare vocabulary (entrance exams)
Answer: C · Dyspnoea
Why this is the answer
Dyspnoea (US: dyspnea) means difficult breathing; apnoea is absence of breathing and eupnoea is normal breathing.
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