Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 16 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
“By the end of the first week, Aisha had memorised the names of all thirty children in her class. By the end of the month, she knew which of them liked maths and which loved drawing.” What can you infer about Aisha?
“Many patients feel nervous before surgery. Nurses can help by explaining what will happen, answering questions and letting patients know that their feelings are normal.” What is the author’s purpose?
Solve for x: 2(x + 11) = 8.
The sum of 2 consecutive even integers is 102. What is the largest of them, x?
Which artery is most commonly used to feel the pulse at the wrist?
A typical posterolateral disc herniation between L4 and L5 most often compresses which nerve root?
In which form is most carbon dioxide carried in the blood?
Which substance's clearance is used as the gold standard to measure glomerular filtration rate?
How many chromosomes does a normal human egg cell contain?
A karyotype shows 45 chromosomes, with a single X chromosome and no Y. Which condition is this?
In a reaction at equilibrium, a product is continuously removed. What happens?
Which of these solutions conducts electricity best?
Choose the correct verb: “Ham and cheese ___ my favourite sandwich.”
What is the function of the underlined phrase? “Exhausted after the long shift, the nurse fell asleep.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The edges of the wound were necrotic.”
What does the term pneumothorax mean?
Answer: A · She is a teacher who takes an interest in her pupils.
“Her class” of thirty children and learning their interests suggest a teacher who cares about her pupils. A new pupil who keeps forgetting names does not fit, since she memorised them all in a week.
Answer: A · To describe how nurses can ease patients’ fears
The passage informs readers about ways nurses can reduce patient anxiety. It does not argue against surgery or criticise nurses.
Answer: x = −7
Solving equations: do the same thing to both sides until x stands alone. Undo operations in reverse order: first undo addition or subtraction, then multiplication or division. Clear parentheses with the distributive property, a(x + b) = ax + ab, and collect the x terms on one side. Check the answer by substituting it back.
Answer: x = 52
Word problems: name the unknown (for example x = number of months), write the facts as one equation, solve it, and check that the answer makes sense in the story. A fixed fee plus a rate per unit gives total = fee + rate × units.
Answer: C · Radial artery
The radial artery lies superficially on the thumb side of the wrist, against the radius, which makes the pulse easy to feel.
Answer: C · L5
A posterolateral L4–L5 herniation usually catches the traversing L5 root, causing weakness of big toe extension and numbness on the top of the foot.
Answer: A · As bicarbonate ions in plasma
About 70% of CO₂ is carried as bicarbonate. Carbonic anhydrase in red cells converts CO₂ and water to carbonic acid, which dissociates into H⁺ and HCO₃⁻.
Answer: B · Inulin
Inulin is filtered freely and is not reabsorbed or secreted, so its clearance equals GFR exactly. Creatinine is slightly secreted, so it overestimates GFR a little.
Answer: D · 23
Meiosis halves the chromosome number, so eggs and sperm have 23 chromosomes. Fertilisation restores 46.
Answer: B · Turner syndrome
Turner syndrome (45,X) affects females who have only one X chromosome. Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) affects males with an extra X, and Down syndrome is trisomy 21.
Answer: B · More product keeps forming as the equilibrium shifts to the right
Removing product lowers its concentration, so the system shifts forward (to the right) to replace it. Industry uses this to raise yields.
Answer: D · Sodium chloride dissolved in water
NaCl dissociates into Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions, which carry charge. Sugar and ethanol dissolve as neutral molecules, and pure water has very few ions.
Answer: C · is
When two nouns joined by “and” name one thing or idea, the subject is treated as singular, so the verb is “is”.
Answer: B · A participial phrase describing “the nurse”
“Exhausted after the long shift” is a participial phrase that acts as an adjective and modifies “the nurse”, which comes right after the comma.
Answer: C · Made up of dead tissue
Necrotic tissue is dead tissue, often black or grey, that may need to be removed.
Answer: C · Air in the chest cavity around the lung
A pneumothorax is air in the pleural space, which can cause the lung to collapse; blood there is a haemothorax.
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