Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 16 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
“Remember to take your medicine,” Mr. Okafor’s daughter called as she left. He nodded, but an hour later the pill was still on the kitchen table next to his untouched glass of water. What can you infer?
The author writes: “Most people in my office prefer tea to coffee. Therefore, tea is the most popular drink in the country.” What is the main flaw?
Calculate x = 0.936 ÷ 0.24 without a calculator. Give the exact value.
Solve for x: 8(x − 3) = x + 67.
Which type of epithelium lines most of the trachea?
Which muscle is the main flexor of the hip joint?
Which protein forms the mesh that stabilises a blood clot?
A patient with small-cell lung cancer has low plasma sodium and low plasma osmolality but inappropriately concentrated urine. What is the most likely explanation?
By which process does oxygen enter a cell and carbon dioxide leave it?
One extra base is inserted near the start of a gene. Why does this usually have a large effect on the protein?
What is the oxidation number of sulfur in H₂SO₄?
At room temperature chlorine (Cl₂) is a gas, bromine (Br₂) is a liquid and iodine (I₂) is a solid. What best explains this trend?
Choose the correct pronoun: “The nurse explained the procedure to the patient and ___ husband.”
Choose the correct verb for formal (especially American) English: “The policy requires that every visitor ___ a mask.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient’s skin felt clammy.”
In anatomy, which word is the opposite of superior?
Answer: C · Mr. Okafor forgot or chose not to take his medicine.
The pill and the untouched water are still on the table, so he has not taken it yet.
Answer: A · One office may not represent the country.
The author draws a national conclusion from one office. A small, unrepresentative sample cannot show what the whole country prefers.
Answer: x = 3.9
Decimals: to add or subtract, line up the decimal points. To multiply, multiply as whole numbers and give the product as many decimal places as the two factors have together. To divide by a decimal, move the decimal point of both numbers the same number of places to the right until the divisor is a whole number.
Multiply both numbers by 100 so that the divisor is a whole number.
Answer: x = 13
Solving equations: do the same thing to both sides until x stands alone. Undo operations in reverse order: first undo addition or subtraction, then multiplication or division. Clear parentheses with the distributive property, a(x + b) = ax + ab, and collect the x terms on one side. Check the answer by substituting it back.
Answer: A · Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Respiratory epithelium is pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells. Mucus traps particles and cilia move it up towards the pharynx.
Answer: A · Iliopsoas
Iliopsoas (psoas major and iliacus) is the strongest hip flexor. Gluteus maximus extends the hip.
Answer: D · Fibrin
Thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin strands, which bind the platelet plug and trap red cells to form a stable clot.
Answer: B · Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
In SIADH excess ADH makes the kidneys retain water, diluting the plasma while urine stays concentrated. Small-cell lung cancer can secrete ADH.
Answer: A · Simple diffusion through the lipid bilayer
O₂ and CO₂ are small, nonpolar molecules that pass directly through the lipid bilayer from high to low concentration. No carrier protein and no energy are needed.
Answer: C · It shifts the reading frame of all later codons
An insertion or deletion that is not a multiple of three causes a frameshift: all later codons are read wrongly, often producing a non-working protein.
Answer: D · +6
2(+1) + S + 4(−2) = 0, so 2 + S − 8 = 0 and S = +6.
Answer: C · Larger molecules with more electrons have stronger dispersion forces
Going down group 17 the molecules get bigger with more electrons, so temporary dipoles are larger and dispersion forces stronger. More energy is needed to separate the molecules, raising melting and boiling points.
Answer: B · her
“Her” is the possessive form used before a noun. “Hers” stands alone without a noun, as in “The coat is hers.”
Answer: D · wear
The subjunctive uses the base form of the verb, even with a singular subject: “that every visitor wear”. British English often uses “should wear” instead, but US-style exams expect the subjunctive.
Answer: A · Cool and damp
Clammy skin is cool and moist with sweat.
Answer: A · Inferior
Superior means above or toward the head, and inferior means below or toward the feet.
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