Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 16 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
The author writes: “Every student should learn basic first aid. A few simple skills, such as how to help someone who is choking, can save a life.” What is the author’s purpose?
In the sentence “The patient’s condition deteriorated rapidly overnight, so the team moved her to intensive care,” what does “deteriorated” most likely mean?
Convert 8.4 km to centimetres x.
In a 25% off sale, a stethoscope costs $157.5. What was the original price x, in dollars?
Where does fertilisation most commonly take place?
After an injury at the medial epicondyle of the elbow, a patient has numbness of the little finger and weakness of finger abduction. Which nerve is affected?
Low plasma albumin, as in severe liver disease, causes oedema mainly because:
A healthy person stands up quickly after lying down. Which reflex response prevents fainting?
Red-green colour blindness is X-linked recessive. A colour-blind woman (XᵇXᵇ) has children with a man with normal colour vision (XᴮY). What fraction of their sons is expected to be colour-blind?
A person's body temperature starts to fall in a cold room. Which responses help bring it back up?
Potassium forms K⁺ ions and sulfur forms S²⁻ ions. What is the name and formula of their compound?
2090 J of heat is added to 50 g of water (specific heat 4.18 J/g·°C). By how much does its temperature rise?
Choose the correct form: “She is the ___ nurse on the unit.”
Which sentence contains a split infinitive?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse cleaned the abrasion on the child’s knee.”
Which word means “a doctor who specialises in the care of children”?
Answer: C · To persuade readers that students should learn first aid
“Should” signals an argument. The author tries to convince readers that first aid is worth learning.
Answer: B · Became worse
Moving the patient to intensive care suggests her condition became worse.
Answer: x = 840000 cm
Unit conversions: multiply by a factor that equals 1, written so that the old unit cancels: 3 ft × 12 in/1 ft = 36 in. Metric length: 1 km = 1000 m, 1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm, 1 cm = 10 mm. US customary: 1 ft = 12 in, 1 yd = 3 ft, 1 mi = 5280 ft; 1 gal = 4 qt, 1 qt = 2 pt, 1 pt = 2 cups; 1 ton = 2000 lb. Time: 1 h = 60 min, 1 min = 60 s, 1 day = 24 h, 1 week = 7 days. A smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Answer: x = 210 $
Reverse percentages: when a value has already been increased or decreased by a percent, the new value is a percent of the original, not the other way round. After a 20% discount the price is 80% of the original, so original = new price ÷ 0.80. Never add the 20% back on to the new price.
Answer: C · Ampulla of the uterine tube
Fertilisation usually occurs in the ampulla of the uterine (fallopian) tube. The embryo then travels to the uterus to implant.
Answer: D · Ulnar nerve
The ulnar nerve passes behind the medial epicondyle. It supplies most intrinsic hand muscles, including the interossei, and the skin of the little finger.
Answer: A · Plasma oncotic pressure falls
Albumin generates most of the plasma oncotic pressure that pulls fluid back into capillaries. When it falls, more fluid stays in the tissues.
Answer: A · The baroreceptor reflex raises heart rate and vasoconstriction
Blood pools in the legs and pressure falls; baroreceptors fire less, which increases sympathetic and decreases vagal activity within seconds, raising heart rate and vascular tone.
Answer: A · All
Every son gets the father's Y and one of the mother's X chromosomes, which are both Xᵇ, so all sons are expected to be colour-blind (XᵇY). Every daughter gets the father's Xᴮ, so the daughters are carriers with normal colour vision.
Answer: B · Shivering and narrowing of blood vessels in the skin
Shivering produces heat by rapid muscle contractions, and vasoconstriction in the skin reduces heat loss. Sweating and vasodilation are used when the body is too warm.
Answer: D · Potassium sulfide, K₂S
Two K⁺ balance one S²⁻, so the formula is K₂S. A single-atom anion takes the ending "-ide": sulfide. Sulfate and sulfite contain oxygen.
Answer: A · 10 °C
ΔT = q ÷ (m × c) = 2090 ÷ (50 × 4.18) = 2090 ÷ 209 = 10 °C.
Answer: D · most experienced
“Experienced” is a long adjective, so its superlative is “most experienced”. “The” and the comparison with the whole unit call for the superlative.
Answer: C · She decided to carefully check the dose.
In A, the adverb “carefully” comes between “to” and “check”, splitting the infinitive. Most modern style guides accept split infinitives, but test writers still expect you to recognise one.
Answer: C · A scrape of the skin surface
An abrasion is a superficial wound where the skin has been rubbed or scraped away.
Answer: A · Paediatrician
A paediatrician (US: pediatrician) treats children; a geriatrician treats older adults.
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