Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 16 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
Many people believe that cracking your knuckles causes arthritis. However, several studies have compared people who crack their knuckles with people who do not and found no difference in arthritis rates. What is the author’s main purpose?
“The guide warned us to stay on the path. Ignoring her, Max climbed onto the rocks for a photo. A moment later, a wave crashed over him.” What lesson does the passage most likely teach?
Two volunteers share $160 in the ratio 7 : 9. How much x does the person with the larger share get, in dollars?
In a 20% off sale, a stethoscope costs $144. What was the original price x, in dollars?
Which cranial nerve supplies the lateral rectus muscle of the eye?
In which part of the small intestine are vitamin B12 and bile salts mainly absorbed?
The Frank–Starling mechanism describes that:
During exercise, blood flow to active skeletal muscle rises greatly. What is the main cause?
Which bond joins amino acids together in a protein?
A restriction enzyme cuts at three sites in a linear piece of DNA. How many fragments are produced?
In 2KClO₃ → 2KCl + 3O₂, how many moles of O₂ form from 4 mol of KClO₃?
Which sample contains the greatest number of atoms?
Choose the correct word: “To ___ should I address this letter?”
Choose the correct verb: “If I ___ the answer, I would tell you.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Contaminated needles must be placed in a sharps container.”
Which word is the opposite of eversion of the foot?
Answer: C · To correct a common belief using evidence
The author presents a popular belief and then uses study results to show it is not supported.
Answer: B · Ignoring safety warnings can be dangerous.
Max ignored the warning and was hit by a wave, suggesting that safety advice should be followed.
Answer: x = 90 $
Ratios and proportions: a ratio a : b compares two amounts. In a proportion two ratios are equal, a/b = c/d, and you solve it by cross-multiplying: a·d = b·c. To share an amount in the ratio m : n, divide it into m + n equal parts; one share is m parts, the other n parts.
Answer: x = 180 $
Reverse percentages: when a value has already been increased or decreased by a percent, the new value is a percent of the original, not the other way round. After a 20% discount the price is 80% of the original, so original = new price ÷ 0.80. Never add the 20% back on to the new price.
Answer: C · Abducens nerve (VI)
The abducens nerve (VI) supplies lateral rectus. A lesion stops the eye moving outwards and causes horizontal double vision.
Answer: A · Terminal ileum
The terminal ileum absorbs vitamin B12 (bound to intrinsic factor) and reabsorbs bile salts. The duodenum mainly absorbs iron.
Answer: A · Stroke volume rises when ventricular filling increases
Greater end-diastolic volume stretches the myocardium, which increases the force of contraction and the stroke volume, matching output to venous return.
Answer: D · Local metabolites such as CO₂, H⁺, K⁺ and adenosine dilate the arterioles
Active hyperaemia: metabolites produced by working muscle relax arteriolar smooth muscle locally, overriding sympathetic vasoconstriction in that tissue.
Answer: A · Peptide bond
Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds formed by dehydration synthesis. Glycosidic bonds link sugars, ester bonds are found in fats.
Answer: A · 4
A linear molecule cut at n sites gives n + 1 pieces, so three cuts give 4 fragments. A circular plasmid cut at three sites would give only 3.
Answer: B · 6 mol
4 mol KClO₃ × (3 mol O₂ ÷ 2 mol KClO₃) = 6 mol O₂.
Answer: D · 1 mol of CH₄
One mole of each contains 6.02 × 10²³ molecules, but each CH₄ has 5 atoms, compared with 1 in He, 2 in O₂ and 3 in H₂O.
Answer: C · whom
After a preposition, use the object form “whom” (as you would say “him”). “Who” is the subject form.
Answer: A · knew
An unreal present condition uses the past tense in the if-clause and “would” + base verb in the main clause: “If I knew, I would tell you.”
Answer: A · Made unclean by germs or harmful matter
Contaminated means made impure by contact with something harmful, such as blood or germs.
Answer: D · Inversion
Eversion turns the sole of the foot outward and inversion turns it inward, toward the midline.
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