Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 16 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
“The children had been told not to touch the cake. When their mother came back, there was a finger-shaped hole in the icing and chocolate on Tom’s chin.” What can you infer?
“Ever since the storm, Mr. Novak checked the sky every morning and kept a torch (flashlight) and a radio by the door.” What does this suggest about Mr. Novak?
How many minutes x are there in 3 days?
The pie chart shows how a hospital’s 800 employees are split between departments A to D. How many more employees x work in department D than in department A?
Which is the largest nerve in the human body?
After a stroke, a patient speaks fluently but uses meaningless words and cannot understand speech. Where is the lesion most likely to be?
The hormone secretin is released when acid enters the duodenum. What is its main effect?
Which transporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is key to building the medullary concentration gradient?
Which DNA bases are purines?
Two parents are both AaBbCc, and the three genes assort independently. What is the probability that a child is aabbcc?
How should the volume of water in a graduated cylinder be read?
What is a triglyceride made of?
Which sentence uses a comma correctly between adjectives?
A paragraph argues that hand washing prevents infection. Which sentence does not belong in it?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Aspirin is contraindicated in children with viral infections.”
Choose the word that best completes the sentence: “His back pain was ___ by sitting for long periods, so the nurse encouraged short walks.”
Answer: D · Tom had tasted the cake.
A finger-shaped hole and chocolate on Tom’s chin point to Tom tasting the cake even though he was told not to.
Answer: A · The storm made him more cautious.
Checking the sky and keeping emergency items ready since the storm suggests the experience made him more careful and prepared.
Answer: x = 4320 min
Unit conversions: multiply by a factor that equals 1, written so that the old unit cancels: 3 ft × 12 in/1 ft = 36 in. Metric length: 1 km = 1000 m, 1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm, 1 cm = 10 mm. US customary: 1 ft = 12 in, 1 yd = 3 ft, 1 mi = 5280 ft; 1 gal = 4 qt, 1 qt = 2 pt, 1 pt = 2 cups; 1 ton = 2000 lb. Time: 1 h = 60 min, 1 min = 60 s, 1 day = 24 h, 1 week = 7 days. A smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Answer: x = 120
Reading charts and tables: read the title, the categories and the scale first. On a bar chart or line graph, follow the top of the bar or the point across to the vertical axis; every gridline is one step of the scale. A pie chart shows parts of a whole: a sector of p% stands for p% of the total and has an angle of p% of 360°.
Answer: C · Sciatic nerve
The sciatic nerve (L4–S3) leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen and supplies the hamstrings and all the muscles below the knee. Skin on the inner side of the leg is supplied by the saphenous nerve instead.
Answer: A · Posterior superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
This is Wernicke's (receptive) aphasia, caused by damage to Wernicke's area in the posterior superior temporal gyrus. Broca's area in the inferior frontal gyrus causes non-fluent aphasia.
Answer: D · Bicarbonate secretion from the pancreas
Secretin stimulates pancreatic duct cells to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid, which neutralises acidic chyme so intestinal enzymes can work.
Answer: D · The Na⁺–K⁺–2Cl⁻ cotransporter (NKCC2)
NKCC2 moves Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl⁻ out of the tubule into the interstitium without water, building the medullary gradient. Loop diuretics such as furosemide block it.
Answer: B · Adenine and guanine
Adenine and guanine are purines, with a double-ring structure. Cytosine, thymine and uracil are pyrimidines, with one ring. Each base pair has one purine and one pyrimidine, which keeps the helix the same width.
Answer: A · 1/64
For each gene, Aa × Aa gives aa with a probability of 1/4. For three independent genes: 1/4 × 1/4 × 1/4 = 1/64.
Answer: C · At eye level, from the bottom of the curved surface (meniscus)
Water forms a concave meniscus. The reading is taken at the bottom of the curve with the eye level with the surface, which avoids parallax error.
Answer: B · One glycerol molecule joined to three fatty acids
A triglyceride, the main form of fat stored in the body, forms when three fatty acids each bond to one of glycerol's three –OH groups by condensation, releasing three water molecules.
Answer: B · It was a long, tiring shift.
“Long” and “tiring” are coordinate adjectives (long and tiring), so a comma separates them. No comma goes between the last adjective and the noun.
Answer: A · My cousin works as a chef in another city.
A unified paragraph keeps to one main idea. The sentence about the cousin’s job does not support the point about hand washing.
Answer: D · Not advised because it may cause harm
A treatment is contraindicated when a condition makes it unsafe to use.
Answer: C · aggravated
To aggravate is to make worse; sitting worsened the pain, so walking was encouraged.
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