Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 16 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
“Most deserts are hot, but not all. Antarctica is considered a desert because it receives very little precipitation, even though it is covered in ice.” What makes a place a desert, according to the passage?
“Supporters of the new law say it will reduce noise at night. Opponents say it will hurt businesses that stay open late. Both sides agree that residents deserve a good night’s sleep.” On what do both sides agree?
A punch recipe makes 3 gallons. How many cups x is that?
Use the order of operations to find the value of x: x = −3² + 6 × 5.
Which layer of the heart wall contains the cardiac muscle?
Which ligament of the knee prevents the tibia from sliding forward relative to the femur?
Which ion enters the cell to cause the depolarisation phase of a typical neuronal action potential?
A patient hyperventilating during a panic attack has tingling fingers. What would the arterial blood gas most likely show?
A patient's heart rate is measured four times: 70, 72, 74 and 80 beats per minute. What is the mean?
Bacteria in a closed flask grow quickly at first, but the population then stops increasing. What is the main reason?
A student tests how temperature affects the rate of a reaction. What is the independent variable?
Why does food cook faster in a pressure cooker?
Which sentence punctuates the quoted question correctly?
Which phrase shows that Maria and Juan each have their own phone?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient has developed a tolerance to the painkiller.”
Choose the word that best completes the sentence: “Because her condition was ___, the nurse checked her every 15 minutes.”
Answer: B · Very little precipitation
The passage says Antarctica is a desert because it gets very little precipitation, showing that low rainfall or snowfall, not heat, defines a desert.
Answer: C · Residents should be able to sleep well.
The last sentence says both sides agree that residents deserve a good night’s sleep. They disagree about the law’s effects.
Answer: x = 48 cups
Unit conversions: multiply by a factor that equals 1, written so that the old unit cancels: 3 ft × 12 in/1 ft = 36 in. Metric length: 1 km = 1000 m, 1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm, 1 cm = 10 mm. US customary: 1 ft = 12 in, 1 yd = 3 ft, 1 mi = 5280 ft; 1 gal = 4 qt, 1 qt = 2 pt, 1 pt = 2 cups; 1 ton = 2000 lb. Time: 1 h = 60 min, 1 min = 60 s, 1 day = 24 h, 1 week = 7 days. A smaller unit gives a bigger number.
Answer: x = 21
Order of operations (PEMDAS/BODMAS): work inside parentheses first, then exponents (powers), then multiplication and division from left to right, and last addition and subtraction from left to right. Multiplication does not come before division, and addition does not come before subtraction: each pair is done in the order it appears. A negative number in parentheses keeps its sign when squared: (−3)² = 9, but −3² = −9.
−3² means −(3²) = −9: the exponent comes before the minus sign.
Answer: D · Myocardium
The myocardium is the thick muscular middle layer. The endocardium lines the chambers and the epicardium covers the outside.
Answer: B · Anterior cruciate ligament
The anterior cruciate ligament limits anterior translation of the tibia; a positive anterior drawer or Lachman test suggests an ACL tear.
Answer: B · Sodium (Na⁺)
Voltage-gated Na⁺ channels open and Na⁺ rushes in, depolarising the membrane. K⁺ outflow then repolarises it.
Answer: D · High pH and low PaCO₂
Hyperventilation blows off CO₂ and causes acute respiratory alkalosis. Alkalosis increases calcium binding to albumin, lowering ionised calcium and causing tingling.
Answer: B · 74 beats per minute
70 + 72 + 74 + 80 = 296, and 296 ÷ 4 = 74 beats per minute.
Answer: D · Nutrients run out and waste products build up
In a closed culture, food is used up and toxic wastes accumulate. Births then equal deaths (stationary phase), and later deaths outnumber divisions (death phase).
Answer: D · The temperature
The independent variable is the one deliberately changed (temperature). The dependent variable is what is measured (rate). Variables kept the same, such as acid volume, are controlled variables.
Answer: C · The higher pressure raises the boiling point, so the water is hotter
Sealing the pot raises the pressure, so water must reach a higher temperature (above 100 °C) before it boils. The hotter water cooks food faster. Autoclaves use the same idea to sterilise equipment.
Answer: D · The patient asked, “When can I go home?”
When the quotation is a question, the question mark goes inside the quotation marks. A quoted full sentence also starts with a capital letter.
Answer: A · Maria’s and Juan’s phones
When each person owns something separately, both names take ’s. B would suggest shared phones, and D misplaces the apostrophes.
Answer: A · A need for more to get the same effect
Tolerance means the body responds less to a drug over time, so a higher dose is needed for the same effect.
Answer: D · precarious
Precarious means uncertain and dangerous. A stable, trivial or resolved condition would not need such close monitoring.
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