Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 16 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
When Rosa started her new job at the hospital, she got lost three times on the first day. By the end of the month, she was giving directions to visitors. What does the passage show about Rosa?
The writer argues: “We should not build the new road. It will destroy the old forest, and the traffic it saves will last only until more cars fill it.” Which piece of evidence would most strengthen the writer’s argument?
A recipe uses 1.5 cups of flour for 2 batches of muffins. At the same rate, how many cups of flour x are needed for 18 batches?
The pie chart shows how a hospital’s 240 employees are split between departments A to C. How many employees x work in department B?
Which structure produces most of the cerebrospinal fluid?
A stroke affecting the left middle cerebral artery in a right-handed person most likely causes:
Which hormone is released by the adrenal cortex in response to ACTH?
During exercise, blood flow to active skeletal muscle rises greatly. What is the main cause?
In evolution, what does an organism's fitness mean?
A mutation changes one amino acid in an enzyme. In which location is the change most likely to stop the enzyme from working?
According to the kinetic molecular theory, what does temperature measure?
Frying an egg turns the clear egg white solid and white. What happens to the proteins?
Which sentence punctuates “such as” correctly?
What is the function of the underlined phrase? “She came to the clinic to get a flu shot.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse reinforced the teaching about insulin injections.”
What does the term splenomegaly mean?
Answer: B · She quickly learned her way around the hospital.
Going from getting lost to helping visitors shows that she learned the layout quickly.
Answer: C · Studies showing new roads often fill with more traffic
Evidence that new roads tend to attract more traffic directly supports the writer’s claim that any time saved would not last. A forest that few people visit would, if anything, weaken the case.
Answer: x = 13.5 cups
Ratios and proportions: a ratio a : b compares two amounts. In a proportion two ratios are equal, a/b = c/d, and you solve it by cross-multiplying: a·d = b·c. To share an amount in the ratio m : n, divide it into m + n equal parts; one share is m parts, the other n parts.
Answer: x = 12
Reading charts and tables: read the title, the categories and the scale first. On a bar chart or line graph, follow the top of the bar or the point across to the vertical axis; every gridline is one step of the scale. A pie chart shows parts of a whole: a sector of p% stands for p% of the total and has an angle of p% of 360°.
Answer: D · Choroid plexus
The choroid plexus in the ventricles secretes most CSF. CSF is reabsorbed into venous blood through the arachnoid granulations.
Answer: D · Right-sided weakness and aphasia
The left MCA supplies the left motor cortex (face and arm of the right side) and Broca's and Wernicke's areas, so right hemiparesis with aphasia is typical.
Answer: A · Cortisol
ACTH from the anterior pituitary stimulates cortisol release from the zona fasciculata. Adrenaline comes from the adrenal medulla.
Answer: D · Local metabolites such as CO₂, H⁺, K⁺ and adenosine dilate the arterioles
Active hyperaemia: metabolites produced by working muscle relax arteriolar smooth muscle locally, overriding sympathetic vasoconstriction in that tissue.
Answer: B · How many offspring it leaves that survive and reproduce
Evolutionary fitness is reproductive success: the more surviving, fertile offspring an organism leaves, the more its alleles are passed on. Strength or long life matter only if they lead to more offspring.
Answer: A · In the active site
The active site must fit the substrate precisely, so changing an amino acid there is most likely to stop binding or catalysis. Changes far from the active site often have little effect, although some can alter the overall shape.
Answer: B · The average kinetic energy of the particles
Temperature is proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles. Absolute zero is where this motion would be at its minimum.
Answer: A · They are denatured: their shape changes, but the peptide bonds stay intact
Heat breaks the weak bonds (such as hydrogen bonds) that hold a protein's folded shape, so the chains unfold and tangle together. The covalent peptide bonds of the chain are not broken, so this is denaturation, not hydrolysis.
Answer: A · Bring supplies such as gauze, tape and gloves.
No colon or comma comes after “such as”; the examples follow it directly. A colon would split the phrase from the words it introduces.
Answer: D · An infinitive phrase showing purpose
“To get a flu shot” is an infinitive phrase (to + base verb). It acts like an adverb and explains why she came.
Answer: A · Strengthened it by repeating it
To reinforce is to strengthen something, for example by repeating key points of teaching.
Answer: A · Enlargement of the spleen
Splenomegaly is an enlarged spleen; -megaly means enlargement.
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