Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 16 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
“Last summer, the town held its first food festival. More than 5000 people came, and the local restaurants sold out of food by evening. The mayor has already announced a second festival for next year.” Why most likely did the mayor announce a second festival?
“By 1900, cities were growing fast. Factories drew workers from farms, and crowded housing led to the spread of disease.” Which cause-and-effect chain does the passage describe?
Two volunteers share $240 in the ratio 7 : 3. How much x does the person with the larger share get, in dollars?
Overnight the temperature fell by 18 °F. By how many degrees Celsius Δ did it fall?
Which structure connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?
A patient cannot abduct the arm beyond about 15° after a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus, and has numbness over the lateral shoulder. Which nerve is most likely injured?
Why do myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster than unmyelinated ones?
Why does breathing 100% oxygen correct hypoxaemia from a true right-to-left shunt only poorly?
Yeast in bread dough breaks down sugar without oxygen. What does it produce?
Two parents are both carriers of cystic fibrosis, an autosomal recessive disorder. They have three children. What is the probability that none of the three is affected?
When diluting a concentrated acid, which method is safe?
A solution of acetic acid conducts electricity only weakly, while hydrochloric acid of the same concentration conducts strongly. Why?
Choose the correct word: “The nurse will ___ the family about home care.”
Which sentence is the best topic sentence for a paragraph about the benefits of sleep for students?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Use the appropriate size of cuff when measuring blood pressure.”
Which word means “the formation of blood cells”?
Answer: C · The first festival was a big success.
Large crowds and sold-out restaurants show the festival was successful, which is the likely reason for holding another.
Answer: C · Factories brought workers, crowding followed, disease spread.
Factories attracted workers to cities, which caused crowded housing, which in turn helped disease spread.
Answer: x = 168 $
Ratios and proportions: a ratio a : b compares two amounts. In a proportion two ratios are equal, a/b = c/d, and you solve it by cross-multiplying: a·d = b·c. To share an amount in the ratio m : n, divide it into m + n equal parts; one share is m parts, the other n parts.
Answer: Δ = 10 °C
Temperature scales: °F = °C × 9/5 + 32 and °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. A temperature change converts without the 32, because the 32 only shifts the zero point: a change of 1 °C is a change of 1.8 °F.
Answer: C · Auditory (Eustachian) tube
The auditory tube equalises air pressure on both sides of the eardrum. In children it is shorter and more horizontal, which favours middle ear infections.
Answer: B · Axillary nerve
The axillary nerve wraps around the surgical neck of the humerus. It supplies deltoid and teres minor and the skin over the lateral shoulder ("regimental badge" area).
Answer: A · The impulse jumps between nodes of Ranvier
Myelin insulates the axon, so action potentials are only generated at the nodes of Ranvier. This saltatory conduction is much faster.
Answer: D · The shunted blood never comes into contact with alveolar gas
Shunted blood bypasses ventilated alveoli and mixes deoxygenated blood into arterial blood. Extra inspired oxygen cannot reach it, unlike in V/Q mismatch or hypoventilation.
Answer: D · Ethanol and carbon dioxide
Yeast carries out alcoholic fermentation, turning pyruvate into ethanol and carbon dioxide. The CO₂ makes bread rise, and the ethanol evaporates during baking. Human muscle cells make lactic acid instead.
Answer: C · 27/64
For each child, P(unaffected) = 3/4. For three independent children, multiply: 3/4 × 3/4 × 3/4 = 27/64, about 42%.
Answer: A · Add the acid slowly to the water
Diluting strong acids releases a lot of heat. Adding acid slowly to a larger amount of water lets the water absorb the heat; adding water to acid can boil locally and spatter acid.
Answer: A · Acetic acid only partly ionises, so it forms fewer ions
HCl ionises almost completely (a strong electrolyte), while acetic acid ionises only slightly (a weak electrolyte). Fewer ions carry less current.
Answer: D · counsel
“Counsel” means to advise. A “council” is a group that makes decisions, and a “consul” is a government official abroad.
Answer: C · Getting enough sleep helps students learn and remember new material.
A clearly states the main idea that the rest of the paragraph can support. B and C are off topic, and D is vague.
Answer: A · Suitable
Appropriate means suitable or right for the situation.
Answer: C · Haematopoiesis
Haematopoiesis (US: hematopoiesis) is the production of blood cells, mainly in the red bone marrow; haemolysis is their destruction.
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