sum/count; middle of ordered list; most frequent; max − min
Length, capacity, time
1 km = 1000 m, 1 m = 100 cm, 1 ft = 12 in, 1 yd = 3 ft, 1 mi = 5280 ft, 1 gal = 4 qt = 16 cups, 1 h = 60 min
Temperature
°F = °C·9/5 + 32, °C = (°F − 32)·5/9; a change of 1 °C = 1.8 °F
Area
rectangle l·w, triangle ½·b·h, circle π·r²
Perimeter and circumference
rectangle 2l + 2w, circle π·d = 2π·r
Volume
box l·w·h, cylinder π·r²·h; 1000 cm³ = 1 L
Speed
distance ÷ time (time in hours for mph or km/h)
Method
Read the last sentence first: what exactly is asked, and in which unit or form (lowest terms, nearest cent, one decimal place)?
Write the numbers in one form: turn mixed numbers into improper fractions, percents into decimals, and hours and minutes into one unit.
Pick the method: PEMDAS for expressions, a common denominator for adding fractions, part ÷ whole × 100 for percents, cross-multiplying for proportions, inverse operations for equations.
Work one step at a time and write each line down; round only at the very end.
Check the size of the answer with an estimate, and put an equation’s answer back in.
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
English grammar & language usage (entrance exams)
Method
Find the subject and the verb of the sentence before choosing a form.
Strip away phrases (of the …, along with …) and extra people (you and …) to test agreement and pronoun case.
Check each clause: can it stand alone? Join independent clauses with a comma + conjunction or a semicolon.
Check modifiers and lists: the describing phrase next to its word, items in the same form.
For word choice and register, pick the precise, formal and concise option.
Healthcare vocabulary (entrance exams)
Method
Read the whole sentence and look for a context clue: a definition, a contrast, an example or a cause and effect.
Split an unfamiliar word into prefix, root and suffix and translate each part.
Read a medical term from the suffix back to the start (hepat-itis: inflammation of the liver).
Put each option into the sentence and check that the meaning still fits.
Choose the meaning used in this sentence, even if the word has another everyday meaning.
2Practice problems
1.Reading comprehension (entrance exams)Medium
“Mary Seacole was a Jamaican-born nurse who travelled to the Crimean War at her own expense. There she ran a hotel near the battlefield where she cared for sick and injured soldiers.” What does “at her own expense” mean?
AShe was paid by the army to go.
BShe travelled there in great danger.
CShe went against her family’s wishes.
DShe paid the costs of the trip herself.
2.Reading comprehension (entrance exams)Hard
“While most of the class cheered at the announcement of an extra week for the project, Jamal quietly closed his laptop. He had finished his project the night before after staying up until 2 a.m.” Why did Jamal most likely react differently?
AHe was angry that the whole project had been cancelled.
BHe had not started the project yet.
CHe had already finished, so the extra week did not help him.
DHe did not hear the announcement.
3.Pre-nursing math (entrance exam)Medium
The ages of the patients seen at a clinic one morning were 23, 12, 23, 3, 28, 21, 25, 30, 23. What is the mode M?
23, 12, 23, 3, 28, 21, 25, 30, 23
M =
4.Pre-nursing math (entrance exam)Hard
Which fraction or mixed number in lowest terms equals 172%? Click it.
172%
11 7/18
28 1/5
31 18/25
41 9/125
5.Human anatomyMedium
The head of the femur articulates with which structure?
AGlenoid cavity
BGreater trochanter
CObturator foramen
DAcetabulum
6.Human anatomyHard
In the fetus, the ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta. What does it become after birth?
ALigamentum teres
BLigamentum venosum
CLigamentum arteriosum
DFossa ovalis
7.Human physiologyMedium
Which hormone is released by the adrenal cortex in response to ACTH?
AAldosterone, as the main response
BThyroxine
CAdrenaline
DCortisol
8.Human physiologyHard
A patient's arterial blood gas shows pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 7.8 kPa (59 mmHg) and normal bicarbonate. What is the most likely disturbance?
AMetabolic acidosis
BAcute respiratory acidosis
CCompensated metabolic alkalosis
DRespiratory alkalosis
9.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
What happens in a dehydration synthesis reaction?
AWater is removed from the cell by osmosis
BA cell dries out and dies
CA polymer is split by adding a water molecule
DTwo monomers join and a water molecule is released
10.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A green plant is kept in a sealed jar in complete darkness for a day. What happens to the carbon dioxide level in the jar?
AIt stays the same, because plants do not respire
BIt rises, because the plant respires but cannot photosynthesise
CIt falls, because the plant keeps photosynthesising
DIt falls, because plants take in more CO₂ when they respire in the dark
11.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What percentage of the mass of water (H₂O, 18 g/mol) is hydrogen (H = 1 g/mol)?
AAbout 11%
BAbout 5.6%
CAbout 67%
DAbout 89%
12.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Under which conditions does a real gas behave least like an ideal gas?
ALow pressure and high temperature
BLow pressure and low volume of particles
CHigh temperature and large container
DHigh pressure and low temperature
13.English grammar & language usage (entrance exams)Medium
Which is the correct plural of “mother-in-law”?
Amother’s-in-law
Bmothers-in-laws
Cmothers-in-law
Dmother-in-laws
14.English grammar & language usage (entrance exams)Hard
Which sentence uses commas correctly with a nonessential participial phrase?
AThe patient, feeling dizzy sat down.
BThe patient feeling dizzy, sat down.
CThe patient feeling, dizzy sat down.
DThe patient, feeling dizzy, sat down.
15.Healthcare vocabulary (entrance exams)Medium
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Patients with heart failure often retain fluid.”
ANeed extra
BHold on to
CRefuse to drink
DLose quickly
16.Healthcare vocabulary (entrance exams)Hard
What does the term dermatology mean?
AInflammation of the skin
BSurgical repair of the skin
CThe study and treatment of the skin
DRemoval of the skin
3Solutions
1.Reading comprehension (entrance exams)
Answer: D · She paid the costs of the trip herself.
Why this is the answer
“At her own expense” means she paid the costs herself rather than being funded by someone else.
Answer
D · She paid the costs of the trip herself.
2.Reading comprehension (entrance exams)
Answer: C · He had already finished, so the extra week did not help him.
Why this is the answer
Jamal had already worked late to finish, so an extension brought him no benefit, unlike his classmates.
Answer
C · He had already finished, so the extra week did not help him.
3.Pre-nursing math (entrance exam)
Answer: M = 23
Mean, median, mode and range: the mean (average) is the sum divided by the number of values. The median is the middle value once the values are in order; with an even number of values it is the mean of the two middle ones. The mode is the value that occurs most often. The range is the largest value minus the smallest.
Count each value
3, 12, 21, 23, 23, 23, 25, 28, 30
Most frequent
M = 23 (3×)
Answer
M = 23
4.Pre-nursing math (entrance exam)
Answer: 1 18/25
Fractions, decimals and percents are three ways to write the same number. Fraction → decimal: divide the numerator by the denominator. Decimal → percent: multiply by 100 (move the point two places right). Percent → decimal: divide by 100. Decimal → fraction: write the digits over 10, 100 or 1000 (one zero per decimal place) and simplify.
Percent to decimal
172% = 1.72
Over a power of ten
0.72 = 72/100
Simplify
72/100 = 18/25
1.72 = 1 18/25
Answer
1 18/25
5.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Acetabulum
Why this is the answer
The acetabulum is the cup-shaped socket of the hip bone, formed by the ilium, ischium and pubis. The glenoid cavity is the shoulder's socket.
Answer
D · Acetabulum
6.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Ligamentum arteriosum
Why this is the answer
The ductus arteriosus closes after birth and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum. The foramen ovale becomes the fossa ovalis and the ductus venosus becomes the ligamentum venosum.
Answer
C · Ligamentum arteriosum
7.Human physiology
Answer: D · Cortisol
Why this is the answer
ACTH from the anterior pituitary stimulates cortisol release from the zona fasciculata. Adrenaline comes from the adrenal medulla.
Answer
D · Cortisol
8.Human physiology
Answer: B · Acute respiratory acidosis
Why this is the answer
Low pH with high CO₂ points to a respiratory acidosis. Bicarbonate has not risen yet, so the kidneys have not compensated: it is acute.
Answer
B · Acute respiratory acidosis
9.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Two monomers join and a water molecule is released
Why this is the answer
Dehydration synthesis builds polymers by joining monomers and releasing water. The reverse, splitting a polymer with water, is hydrolysis.
Answer
D · Two monomers join and a water molecule is released
10.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · It rises, because the plant respires but cannot photosynthesise
Why this is the answer
Plant cells respire day and night, releasing CO₂. Photosynthesis needs light, so in the dark no CO₂ is taken up and the level rises.
Answer
B · It rises, because the plant respires but cannot photosynthesise
11.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · About 11%
Why this is the answer
One mole of water contains 2 g of hydrogen: 2 ÷ 18 × 100 ≈ 11.1%. Oxygen makes up the other 89% by mass, even though 2 of the 3 atoms are hydrogen.
Answer
A · About 11%
12.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · High pressure and low temperature
Why this is the answer
At high pressure the particles are close, so their own volume matters; at low temperature they move slowly, so attractions matter. Both break the ideal gas assumptions.
Answer
D · High pressure and low temperature
13.English grammar & language usage (entrance exams)
Answer: C · mothers-in-law
Why this is the answer
In a hyphenated compound noun, the main word takes the plural: mothers-in-law, passers-by.
Answer
C · mothers-in-law
14.English grammar & language usage (entrance exams)
Answer: D · The patient, feeling dizzy, sat down.
Why this is the answer
“Feeling dizzy” adds information about the patient and can be removed, so it is enclosed by a pair of commas.
Answer
D · The patient, feeling dizzy, sat down.
15.Healthcare vocabulary (entrance exams)
Answer: B · Hold on to
Why this is the answer
To retain is to keep or hold on to something; fluid retention causes swelling and weight gain.
Answer
B · Hold on to
16.Healthcare vocabulary (entrance exams)
Answer: C · The study and treatment of the skin
Why this is the answer
Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin. Dermatitis is skin inflammation.
Answer
C · The study and treatment of the skin
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