Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 16 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
The river flooded after a week of heavy rain. Water covered the main road, so the town closed it and set up a detour through the hills. What caused the town to close the main road?
Medicine schedule: “Tablet A: every 12 hours. Tablet B: every 8 hours.” Both are first given at 8 a.m. At what time will both tablets next be due together?
The line graph shows the number of people in a waiting room every 2 hours, from hour 0 to hour 10. By how much Δ did the value change from hour 4 to hour 10? Use a negative number for a decrease.
A gym charges a one-time sign-up fee of $20 plus $20 per month. Maria has paid $160 in total. For how many months n has she been a member?
Where does the spinal cord normally end in an adult?
A patient with a large aneurysm of the aortic arch develops hoarseness. Which nerve is most likely compressed?
What is the main effect of aldosterone on the kidney?
Which combination of signs is expected in a patient in early hypovolaemic shock after major bleeding?
In which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope break down?
Why do phospholipids arrange themselves into a double layer in water?
When mercury(II) oxide is heated, it reacts as 2HgO → 2Hg + O₂. What type of reaction is this?
A sealed rigid can holds gas at 2 atm and 27 °C. It is heated to 327 °C. What is the new pressure?
Choose the correct verb: “Everyone in the waiting room ___ tired.”
Which revision makes it clear that the nurse, not the boy, was smiling? “The nurse gave a sticker to the boy with a smile.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The unit has strict protocols for infection control.”
What does the term haematoma mean?
Answer: C · Flood water covering the main road
The sentence says water covered the main road, so the town closed it. The word “so” links the cause to the effect.
Answer: C · 8 a.m. the next day
Tablet A is due at 8 p.m. and 8 a.m.; Tablet B at 4 p.m., midnight and 8 a.m. The first shared time is 8 a.m. the next day, 24 hours later.
Answer: Δ = −5
Reading charts and tables: read the title, the categories and the scale first. On a bar chart or line graph, follow the top of the bar or the point across to the vertical axis; every gridline is one step of the scale. A pie chart shows parts of a whole: a sector of p% stands for p% of the total and has an angle of p% of 360°.
Answer: n = 7 months
Word problems: name the unknown (for example x = number of months), write the facts as one equation, solve it, and check that the answer makes sense in the story. A fixed fee plus a rate per unit gives total = fee + rate × units.
Answer: A · At about the level of vertebrae L1–L2
In adults the cord ends at the conus medullaris near L1–L2. Below that lies the cauda equina, which is why lumbar punctures are done at L3–L4 or L4–L5.
Answer: A · Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops under the aortic arch beside the ligamentum arteriosum. It supplies most laryngeal muscles, so compression causes hoarseness.
Answer: B · Sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the distal nephron
Aldosterone acts on the distal tubule and collecting duct to increase Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺ secretion. Water follows the sodium, raising blood volume.
Answer: D · Tachycardia, cool pale skin and reduced urine output
Baroreceptor-driven sympathetic activation raises heart rate and constricts skin vessels. Reduced renal perfusion, ADH and aldosterone lower urine output.
Answer: B · Prophase
In prophase the chromosomes coil up and become visible, the nuclear envelope breaks down and the spindle starts to form. In telophase the reverse happens.
Answer: D · Their heads are hydrophilic and their tails are hydrophobic
The phosphate heads are attracted to water, while the fatty acid tails avoid it. In water they form a bilayer with the heads facing the watery fluid on both sides and the tails hidden in the middle.
Answer: B · Decomposition
A single compound, mercury(II) oxide, breaks down into two simpler substances, mercury and oxygen. One reactant giving several products is a decomposition reaction.
Answer: D · 4 atm
27 °C = 300 K and 327 °C = 600 K. At constant volume, P/T is constant, so doubling the kelvin temperature doubles the pressure to 4 atm. Using Celsius would wrongly give about 24 atm.
Answer: B · looks
“Everyone” is singular, so it takes the singular verb “looks”. The phrase “in the waiting room” does not change the subject.
Answer: B · With a smile, the nurse gave a sticker to the boy.
Placing “With a smile” next to “the nurse” shows who was smiling. C suggests the sticker had a smile, and D still describes the boy.
Answer: B · Official procedures or rules
A protocol is an official set of rules or procedures for doing something.
Answer: C · A collection of blood in the tissues
A haematoma (US: hematoma) is a localised collection of clotted blood outside the vessels, such as a large bruise.
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