1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
The rotator cuff consists of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and which other muscle?
- ALatissimus dorsi
- BSubscapularis
- CDeltoid
- DTeres major
2.Human anatomyHard
When a patient stands on the right leg only, the left side of the pelvis drops (positive Trendelenburg sign). Which nerve is most likely damaged?
- ARight femoral nerve
- BLeft superior gluteal nerve
- CRight superior gluteal nerve
- DRight inferior gluteal nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
What is the main stimulus for breathing in a healthy person?
- AA rise in arterial CO₂
- BA fall in blood pH caused by lactate only
- CA rise in blood glucose
- DA fall in arterial O₂
4.Human physiologyHard
In Otto Loewi's classic experiment, fluid from a vagus-stimulated frog heart slowed a second heart. What did this show?
- AThe heart beats without any nerve supply
- BNerves pass signals to their targets by releasing a chemical
- CThe vagus nerve speeds up the heart
- DNerve impulses spread through the fluid directly as electricity
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which sequence is complementary to the DNA strand A-T-G-C-C-A?
- AG-C-A-T-T-G
- BA-T-G-C-C-A
- CT-A-C-G-G-T
- DU-A-C-G-G-U
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
In Tay-Sachs disease, a lysosomal enzyme does not work. What happens inside the affected nerve cells?
- AThe undigested substance builds up inside lysosomes
- BThe ribosomes stop making proteins
- CThe DNA cannot be copied before division
- DThe cells can no longer make ATP in their mitochondria
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
A gas mixture contains nitrogen at 600 mmHg, oxygen at 150 mmHg and other gases at 10 mmHg. What is the total pressure?
- A760 mmHg
- B750 mmHg
- C253 mmHg
- D600 mmHg
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
5.85 g of NaCl (molar mass 58.5 g/mol) is dissolved to make 500 mL of solution. What is the molarity?
- A0.1 M
- B2 M
- C0.05 M
- D0.2 M
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Subscapularis
Why this is the answer
SITS: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis. Teres major is close by but is not part of the cuff.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Right superior gluteal nerve
Why this is the answer
The superior gluteal nerve supplies gluteus medius and minimus. If those of the standing (right) leg are weak, the pelvis sags on the opposite, unsupported side.
C · Right superior gluteal nerve
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · A rise in arterial CO₂
Why this is the answer
Central chemoreceptors respond to CO₂ (through the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid). Low O₂ adds strongly to the drive only when PaO₂ falls well below normal, for example at high altitude.
A · A rise in arterial CO₂
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · Nerves pass signals to their targets by releasing a chemical
Why this is the answer
The fluid carried "Vagusstoff", later identified as acetylcholine. This was the first clear evidence for chemical neurotransmission.
B · Nerves pass signals to their targets by releasing a chemical
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · T-A-C-G-G-T
Why this is the answer
Each base is replaced by its partner: A→T, T→A, G→C, C→G. Using U would make an RNA copy, not a DNA strand.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · The undigested substance builds up inside lysosomes
Why this is the answer
Lysosomes break down large molecules with their enzymes. When one enzyme is missing, its substrate (a fatty substance in Tay-Sachs) accumulates in the lysosomes and damages the nerve cells. Such conditions are called lysosomal storage diseases.
A · The undigested substance builds up inside lysosomes
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · 760 mmHg
Why this is the answer
Dalton's law of partial pressures: the total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures, 600 + 150 + 10 = 760 mmHg.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · 0.2 M
Why this is the answer
Moles = 5.85 ÷ 58.5 = 0.100 mol. Volume = 0.500 L. Molarity = 0.100 ÷ 0.500 = 0.2 M. Stopping at moles gives the wrong answer 0.1.
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