1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
In which part of the nephron does most reabsorption of water and sodium take place?
- ACollecting duct
- BDistal convoluted tubule
- CProximal convoluted tubule
- DLoop of Henle
2.Human anatomyHard
Which structure passes through the inguinal canal in males?
- AGreat saphenous vein
- BSpermatic cord
- CFemoral artery
- DObturator nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid?
- AG cells
- BParietal cells
- CGoblet cells
- DChief cells
4.Human physiologyHard
Why does a person with lactase deficiency get diarrhoea and bloating after drinking milk?
- ALactose damages the villi directly
- BUndigested lactose draws water into the gut and is fermented by colonic bacteria
- CMilk protein triggers an allergic reaction
- DLactose is absorbed too quickly and raises blood glucose
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
A person with blood type AB has both A and B antigens on the red cells. What kind of inheritance is this?
- ACodominance
- BComplete dominance of A over B
- CIncomplete dominance
- DSex-linked inheritance
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
At 100× total magnification, the field of view of a microscope is 2 mm wide. What is its width at 400×?
- A8 mm
- B0.5 mm
- C0.2 mm
- D2 mm
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Sulfur has 16 electrons. In which period of the periodic table is it?
- APeriod 16
- BPeriod 6
- CPeriod 3
- DPeriod 2
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of 1 × 10⁻⁹ mol/L. What is its pH, and is it acidic or basic?
- ApH −9, acidic
- BpH 5, acidic
- CpH 9, basic
- DpH 9, acidic
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Proximal convoluted tubule
Why this is the answer
The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs about two thirds of the filtered sodium and water, plus nearly all glucose and amino acids.
C · Proximal convoluted tubule
2.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Spermatic cord
Why this is the answer
The inguinal canal carries the spermatic cord in males and the round ligament in females. The femoral vessels pass below the inguinal ligament instead.
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · Parietal cells
Why this is the answer
Parietal cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen and G cells secrete gastrin.
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · Undigested lactose draws water into the gut and is fermented by colonic bacteria
Why this is the answer
Unabsorbed lactose acts osmotically, pulling water into the lumen. Colonic bacteria ferment it, producing gas and short-chain fatty acids.
B · Undigested lactose draws water into the gut and is fermented by colonic bacteria
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Codominance
Why this is the answer
The Iᴬ and Iᴮ alleles are codominant: neither masks the other, and both antigens appear. The O allele (i) is recessive to both.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · 0.5 mm
Why this is the answer
Magnification increases 4 times (100× to 400×), so the field of view becomes 4 times narrower: 2 mm ÷ 4 = 0.5 mm.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Period 3
Why this is the answer
Sulfur's arrangement is 2, 8, 6. It has three occupied shells, so it is in period 3. The 6 outer electrons place it in group 16.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · pH 9, basic
Why this is the answer
pH = −log(10⁻⁹) = 9. A pH above 7 is basic. The minus sign in the definition makes pH positive.
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