1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
The circle of Willis at the base of the brain connects which two arterial supplies?
- AJugular and vertebral systems
- BExternal carotid and subclavian arterial systems
- CLeft and right external carotid arteries
- DInternal carotid and vertebrobasilar systems
2.Human anatomyHard
An ECG shows an infarct in leads II, III and aVF (inferior wall). Which coronary artery is most commonly blocked?
- AFirst diagonal branch
- BLeft anterior descending artery
- CRight coronary artery
- DLeft main coronary artery
3.Human physiologyMedium
The hormone secretin is released when acid enters the duodenum. What is its main effect?
- AContraction of the gallbladder
- BInsulin release from the endocrine pancreas
- CAcid secretion from the stomach
- DBicarbonate secretion from the pancreas
4.Human physiologyHard
Which combination of signs is expected in a patient in early hypovolaemic shock after major bleeding?
- ABradycardia, cool pale skin and high urine output
- BTachycardia, warm flushed skin and high urine output
- CTachycardia, cool pale skin and reduced urine output
- DBradycardia, warm flushed skin and high urine output
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Why do the palisade cells near the top surface of a leaf contain many chloroplasts?
- AThey carry sugars from the leaves down to the roots
- BThey get the most light and do most of the photosynthesis
- CThey store most of the plant's water for dry periods
- DThey protect the leaf from insects and strong winds
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
The lion is Panthera leo, the tiger is Panthera tigris and the house cat is Felis catus. Which two are most closely related?
- AThe lion and the house cat
- BThe lion and the tiger
- CThe tiger and the house cat
- DAll three are equally related
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What charge do group 16 elements such as oxygen and sulfur usually have as ions?
- A1−
- B6+
- C2−
- D2+
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Equal volumes of 1 M HCl and 1 M NaOH are mixed. What is the approximate pH of the result?
- A3.5
- B7
- C1
- D14
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Internal carotid and vertebrobasilar systems
Why this is the answer
The circle of Willis links the internal carotid arteries with the basilar artery (formed by the vertebral arteries), allowing some collateral flow.
D · Internal carotid and vertebrobasilar systems
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Right coronary artery
Why this is the answer
The inferior wall is usually supplied by the right coronary artery through the posterior descending artery (right-dominant circulation), so inferior infarcts are mostly RCA occlusions.
C · Right coronary artery
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Bicarbonate secretion from the pancreas
Why this is the answer
Secretin stimulates pancreatic duct cells to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid, which neutralises acidic chyme so intestinal enzymes can work.
D · Bicarbonate secretion from the pancreas
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · Tachycardia, cool pale skin and reduced urine output
Why this is the answer
Baroreceptor-driven sympathetic activation raises heart rate and constricts skin vessels. Reduced renal perfusion, ADH and aldosterone lower urine output.
C · Tachycardia, cool pale skin and reduced urine output
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · They get the most light and do most of the photosynthesis
Why this is the answer
Palisade cells lie just below the upper surface, where light is strongest. Packing them with chloroplasts lets the leaf capture as much light as possible for photosynthesis.
B · They get the most light and do most of the photosynthesis
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · The lion and the tiger
Why this is the answer
The lion and tiger share the genus Panthera, while the house cat is in a different genus. Sharing a lower rank, such as genus, means a closer relationship than sharing only a family.
B · The lion and the tiger
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 2−
Why this is the answer
Group 16 atoms have 6 valence electrons and gain 2 to reach 8, forming ions such as O²⁻ (oxide) and S²⁻ (sulfide).
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · 7
Why this is the answer
The H⁺ and OH⁻ react completely to give water and NaCl, which is neutral, so the pH is about 7.
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