1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which structure produces most of the cerebrospinal fluid?
- APineal gland
- BPia mater
- CChoroid plexus
- DArachnoid granulations
2.Human anatomyHard
When a patient stands on the right leg only, the left side of the pelvis drops (positive Trendelenburg sign). Which nerve is most likely damaged?
- ARight inferior gluteal nerve
- BRight femoral nerve
- CLeft superior gluteal nerve
- DRight superior gluteal nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
Low plasma albumin, as in severe liver disease, causes oedema mainly because:
- APlasma oncotic pressure falls
- BLymphatic drainage increases
- CThe capillaries become impermeable
- DCapillary hydrostatic pressure falls
4.Human physiologyHard
Why does fetal haemoglobin have a higher affinity for oxygen than adult haemoglobin?
- AFetal blood has a higher pH
- BIt contains more iron per haem
- CIt binds 2,3-BPG less strongly
- DIt has five subunits instead of four
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
What happens in a dehydration synthesis reaction?
- ATwo monomers join and a water molecule is released
- BA cell dries out and dies
- CWater is removed from the cell by osmosis
- DA polymer is split by adding a water molecule
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Starch and cellulose are both made of glucose. Why can humans digest starch but not cellulose?
- ACellulose contains no glucose units at all, only fructose
- BHumans lack an enzyme that breaks the bonds in cellulose
- CCellulose dissolves in water but starch does not
- DStarch is a protein, and cellulose is a lipid
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
A piece of metal has a density of 8 g/cm³ and a volume of 5 cm³. What is its mass?
- A13 g
- B40 g
- C0.625 g
- D1.6 g
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
A solution contains 250 mg of a substance in every 5 mL. How many grams of the substance are in 100 mL?
- A0.5 g
- B5000 g
- C50 g
- D5 g
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Choroid plexus
Why this is the answer
The choroid plexus in the ventricles secretes most CSF. CSF is reabsorbed into venous blood through the arachnoid granulations.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Right superior gluteal nerve
Why this is the answer
The superior gluteal nerve supplies gluteus medius and minimus. If those of the standing (right) leg are weak, the pelvis sags on the opposite, unsupported side.
D · Right superior gluteal nerve
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · Plasma oncotic pressure falls
Why this is the answer
Albumin generates most of the plasma oncotic pressure that pulls fluid back into capillaries. When it falls, more fluid stays in the tissues.
A · Plasma oncotic pressure falls
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · It binds 2,3-BPG less strongly
Why this is the answer
The gamma chains of HbF bind 2,3-BPG poorly, so the curve is shifted left. This lets fetal blood take oxygen from maternal blood in the placenta.
C · It binds 2,3-BPG less strongly
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Two monomers join and a water molecule is released
Why this is the answer
Dehydration synthesis builds polymers by joining monomers and releasing water. The reverse, splitting a polymer with water, is hydrolysis.
A · Two monomers join and a water molecule is released
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Humans lack an enzyme that breaks the bonds in cellulose
Why this is the answer
The glucose units in cellulose are joined by a different type of bond than in starch. Humans make amylase for starch but no enzyme for cellulose. Cows rely on gut microbes that make cellulase.
B · Humans lack an enzyme that breaks the bonds in cellulose
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · 40 g
Why this is the answer
Mass = density × volume = 8 g/cm³ × 5 cm³ = 40 g. Dividing would give the wrong units.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · 5 g
Why this is the answer
100 mL ÷ 5 mL = 20, so 20 × 250 mg = 5000 mg. Since 1 g = 1000 mg, 5000 mg = 5 g. Forgetting the unit change gives 5000.
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