1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which muscle is the main extensor of the elbow?
- ABrachialis
- BTriceps brachii
- CBiceps brachii
- DCoracobrachialis
2.Human anatomyHard
Which structure passes through the inguinal canal in males?
- AFemoral artery
- BSpermatic cord
- CGreat saphenous vein
- DObturator nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
In which form is most carbon dioxide carried in the blood?
- ADissolved as CO₂ gas
- BAs carbonic acid in platelets
- CBound to the haem iron
- DAs bicarbonate ions in plasma
4.Human physiologyHard
Constriction of the efferent arteriole of a glomerulus, with the afferent arteriole unchanged, tends to:
- ALower glomerular capillary pressure and GFR
- BStop filtration completely
- CRaise glomerular capillary pressure and GFR
- DHave no effect on GFR at all
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Two heterozygous parents (Aa × Aa) are crossed. What is the expected genotype ratio?
- A1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa
- B2 AA : 1 Aa : 1 aa
- C1 AA : 1 aa
- D3 AA : 1 aa
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A student gives fertiliser to 2 tomato plants and none to 2 others. The fertilised plants grow taller. What is the main weakness of the conclusion that fertiliser increases growth?
- AFertiliser should have been given to all four plants
- BThere was no independent variable
- CThe sample size is too small to rule out chance
- DHeight cannot be measured accurately
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Sulfur has 16 electrons. In which period of the periodic table is it?
- APeriod 3
- BPeriod 16
- CPeriod 2
- DPeriod 6
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
When sugar dissolves in water, why is it not a chemical change?
- AHeat is always released when sugar dissolves
- BThe sugar is destroyed and replaced by water
- CSugar reacts with water to form a new compound
- DThe sugar molecules stay sugar and can be recovered
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Triceps brachii
Why this is the answer
Triceps brachii inserts on the olecranon of the ulna and extends the elbow. Biceps and brachialis are elbow flexors.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Spermatic cord
Why this is the answer
The inguinal canal carries the spermatic cord in males and the round ligament in females. The femoral vessels pass below the inguinal ligament instead.
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · As bicarbonate ions in plasma
Why this is the answer
About 70% of CO₂ is carried as bicarbonate. Carbonic anhydrase in red cells converts CO₂ and water to carbonic acid, which dissociates into H⁺ and HCO₃⁻.
D · As bicarbonate ions in plasma
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · Raise glomerular capillary pressure and GFR
Why this is the answer
Efferent constriction holds blood in the glomerulus, raising its pressure and GFR. Angiotensin II acts this way, which is why ACE inhibitors can lower GFR.
C · Raise glomerular capillary pressure and GFR
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · 1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa
Why this is the answer
The square gives AA, Aa, aA and aa, which is 1 : 2 : 1. The phenotype ratio is 3 dominant : 1 recessive.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · The sample size is too small to rule out chance
Why this is the answer
With only two plants per group, natural differences between plants could explain the result. More plants and repeats would make the conclusion more reliable.
C · The sample size is too small to rule out chance
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Period 3
Why this is the answer
Sulfur's arrangement is 2, 8, 6. It has three occupied shells, so it is in period 3. The 6 outer electrons place it in group 16.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · The sugar molecules stay sugar and can be recovered
Why this is the answer
Dissolving spreads intact sugar molecules among water molecules. No new substance forms, and evaporation recovers the sugar.
D · The sugar molecules stay sugar and can be recovered
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