1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
- APulmonary arteries
- BPulmonary veins
- CBronchial arteries
- DVenae cavae
2.Human anatomyHard
Which coronary artery most often supplies the sinoatrial (SA) node?
- ARight coronary artery
- BLeft anterior descending artery
- CCircumflex artery
- DLeft main coronary artery
3.Human physiologyMedium
In skeletal muscle, where does most of the calcium for contraction come from?
- AThe extracellular fluid
- BThe nucleus
- CThe mitochondria
- DThe sarcoplasmic reticulum
4.Human physiologyHard
Why does a deep sea diver risk decompression sickness when surfacing quickly?
- AThe lungs collapse when the pressure falls
- BCarbon dioxide cannot leave the lungs fast enough
- CNitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
- DOxygen becomes toxic at the surface
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Why are G–C base pairs held together more strongly than A–T pairs?
- AG and C are both purines, so they fit more tightly
- BA–T pairs are found only in RNA
- CG–C pairs form three hydrogen bonds, and A–T pairs form two
- DG–C pairs are joined by strong covalent bonds instead of hydrogen bonds
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Two parents without a disease have a child with the disease. Assuming a single gene, what is the most likely explanation?
- AThe trait is dominant and both parents are affected
- BThe trait is dominant and one parent is homozygous
- CThe child inherited the trait only from the father's Y chromosome
- DThe trait is recessive and both parents are carriers
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What is the oxidation number of an element in its uncombined (elemental) form, such as Fe or O₂?
- A+1
- B−1
- CIt equals the group number
- D0
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Which of these solutions conducts electricity best?
- AEthanol mixed with water
- BSugar dissolved in water
- CPure distilled water
- DSodium chloride dissolved in water
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Pulmonary veins
Why this is the answer
Four pulmonary veins drain oxygenated blood into the left atrium. They are the main exception to the rule that veins carry deoxygenated blood.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Right coronary artery
Why this is the answer
The SA nodal artery arises from the right coronary artery in roughly 60% of people and from the circumflex artery in the rest.
A · Right coronary artery
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · The sarcoplasmic reticulum
Why this is the answer
Depolarisation of the T-tubules opens ryanodine receptors in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, releasing stored calcium into the cytoplasm.
D · The sarcoplasmic reticulum
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · Nitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
Why this is the answer
At depth more nitrogen dissolves in the tissues. If pressure falls too fast it comes out of solution as bubbles in tissues and blood, causing "the bends".
C · Nitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · G–C pairs form three hydrogen bonds, and A–T pairs form two
Why this is the answer
G–C pairs form three hydrogen bonds and A–T pairs form two. DNA rich in G–C therefore needs more energy (a higher temperature) to separate the strands.
C · G–C pairs form three hydrogen bonds, and A–T pairs form two
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · The trait is recessive and both parents are carriers
Why this is the answer
Unaffected parents having an affected child is the classic sign of a recessive trait: both parents are heterozygous (Aa) and the child is aa.
D · The trait is recessive and both parents are carriers
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · 0
Why this is the answer
An element on its own has an oxidation number of 0, because there is no transfer or unequal sharing of electrons with a different element.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Sodium chloride dissolved in water
Why this is the answer
NaCl dissociates into Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions, which carry charge. Sugar and ethanol dissolve as neutral molecules, and pure water has very few ions.
D · Sodium chloride dissolved in water
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