1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
In which structure do sperm mature and get stored after leaving the testis?
- AProstate gland
- BSeminal vesicle
- CSeminiferous tubules
- DEpididymis
2.Human anatomyHard
Early appendicitis is often felt as vague pain around the umbilicus. Why?
- AThe phrenic nerve carries the pain to the umbilicus
- BThe appendix lies directly behind the umbilicus
- CIts visceral nerves enter the cord at T10, like the umbilical skin
- DInflammation spreads first to the abdominal wall at the navel region
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which hormone is released by the adrenal cortex in response to ACTH?
- ACortisol
- BThyroxine
- CAldosterone, as the main response
- DAdrenaline
4.Human physiologyHard
Why does a deep sea diver risk decompression sickness when surfacing quickly?
- AOxygen becomes toxic at the surface
- BCarbon dioxide cannot leave the lungs fast enough
- CThe lungs collapse when the pressure falls
- DNitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
What is a mutation?
- AThe normal copying of DNA before division
- BThe pairing of homologous chromosomes
- CA change in the number of cells in a tissue
- DA change in the base sequence of DNA
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A solution contains 5 mg of a substance in every millilitre. How many milligrams are in 0.02 L of the solution?
- A10 mg
- B100 mg
- C0.1 mg
- D1000 mg
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What are London dispersion forces?
- AAttractions between a hydrogen atom and a metal ion
- BForces that hold protons together in the nucleus
- CStrong bonds formed by transferring electrons
- DWeak, temporary attractions caused by shifting electrons in molecules
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Balance __Fe + __O₂ → __Fe₂O₃ with the smallest whole numbers. What are the coefficients?
- A4, 3, 4
- B2, 1, 1
- C4, 3, 2
- D2, 3, 1
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Epididymis
Why this is the answer
Sperm are made in the seminiferous tubules and then mature and are stored in the epididymis before passing into the ductus deferens.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Its visceral nerves enter the cord at T10, like the umbilical skin
Why this is the answer
Visceral pain from midgut structures is referred to the T10 dermatome around the umbilicus. When the parietal peritoneum becomes inflamed, pain localises to the right iliac fossa.
C · Its visceral nerves enter the cord at T10, like the umbilical skin
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · Cortisol
Why this is the answer
ACTH from the anterior pituitary stimulates cortisol release from the zona fasciculata. Adrenaline comes from the adrenal medulla.
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · Nitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
Why this is the answer
At depth more nitrogen dissolves in the tissues. If pressure falls too fast it comes out of solution as bubbles in tissues and blood, causing "the bends".
D · Nitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · A change in the base sequence of DNA
Why this is the answer
A mutation is any change in the DNA sequence. It may have no effect, a harmful effect or occasionally a helpful one.
D · A change in the base sequence of DNA
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · 100 mg
Why this is the answer
0.02 L = 20 mL. At 5 mg per mL, 20 × 5 = 100 mg.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Weak, temporary attractions caused by shifting electrons in molecules
Why this is the answer
At any moment, electrons can be unevenly spread, creating a temporary dipole that induces dipoles in neighbours. These weak attractions are the only forces between nonpolar molecules and noble gas atoms.
D · Weak, temporary attractions caused by shifting electrons in molecules
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 4, 3, 2
Why this is the answer
4Fe + 3O₂ → 2Fe₂O₃ gives 4 Fe and 6 O on each side. 2, 3, 1 has 6 O on the left but only 3 on the right.
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