1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which artery is most commonly used to feel the pulse at the wrist?
- ABrachial artery
- BRadial artery
- CAxillary artery
- DUlnar artery
2.Human anatomyHard
A large central disc prolapse at L4–L5 causes saddle anaesthesia, urinary retention and bilateral leg weakness. Which structure is compressed?
- ASciatic nerve in the buttock
- BFemoral nerve
- CThoracic spinal cord
- DCauda equina
3.Human physiologyMedium
Why is the oxygen–haemoglobin dissociation curve S-shaped?
- ABinding of one oxygen makes the next bind more easily
- BOxygen dissolves better in plasma at high partial pressure
- CHaemoglobin can bind only one oxygen molecule
- DRed cells change size as they take up oxygen
4.Human physiologyHard
A patient's arterial blood gas shows pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 7.8 kPa (59 mmHg) and normal bicarbonate. What is the most likely disturbance?
- AMetabolic acidosis
- BAcute respiratory acidosis
- CCompensated metabolic alkalosis
- DRespiratory alkalosis
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
A patient's blood type is B positive. What does this mean?
- ATheir red cells carry the A antigen and no RhD antigen
- BTheir plasma contains anti-B antibodies
- CTheir red cells carry no antigens at all
- DTheir red cells carry the B antigen and the RhD antigen
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Two parents are both carriers of cystic fibrosis, an autosomal recessive disorder. They have three children. What is the probability that none of the three is affected?
- A1/64
- B3/4
- C27/64
- D9/16
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
When the diaphragm contracts and the chest cavity gets bigger, what happens to the air pressure inside the lungs?
- AIt does not change
- BIt falls, so air flows in
- CIt falls, so air flows out
- DIt rises, so air flows in
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
How many millilitres of 0.2 M NaOH are needed to neutralise 25 mL of 0.1 M HCl?
- A12.5 mL
- B25 mL
- C5 mL
- D50 mL
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Radial artery
Why this is the answer
The radial artery lies superficially on the thumb side of the wrist, against the radius, which makes the pulse easy to feel.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Cauda equina
Why this is the answer
Below L1–L2 the canal holds the cauda equina. Central compression of these lumbar and sacral roots causes cauda equina syndrome, a surgical emergency.
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · Binding of one oxygen makes the next bind more easily
Why this is the answer
Haemoglobin shows cooperative binding: each bound O₂ increases the affinity of the remaining sites, giving a sigmoid curve.
A · Binding of one oxygen makes the next bind more easily
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · Acute respiratory acidosis
Why this is the answer
Low pH with high CO₂ points to a respiratory acidosis. Bicarbonate has not risen yet, so the kidneys have not compensated: it is acute.
B · Acute respiratory acidosis
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Their red cells carry the B antigen and the RhD antigen
Why this is the answer
Type B means the B antigen is on the red cells (and anti-A antibodies are in the plasma). Positive means the RhD antigen is also present.
D · Their red cells carry the B antigen and the RhD antigen
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 27/64
Why this is the answer
For each child, P(unaffected) = 3/4. For three independent children, multiply: 3/4 × 3/4 × 3/4 = 27/64, about 42%.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · It falls, so air flows in
Why this is the answer
At constant temperature, a larger volume means a lower pressure. The pressure inside the lungs falls below atmospheric pressure, so air moves in. This is inhalation.
B · It falls, so air flows in
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · 12.5 mL
Why this is the answer
Moles HCl = 0.025 L × 0.1 M = 0.0025 mol, so 0.0025 mol NaOH is needed. Volume = 0.0025 ÷ 0.2 = 0.0125 L = 12.5 mL.
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