1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
The circle of Willis at the base of the brain connects which two arterial supplies?
- ALeft and right external carotid arteries
- BJugular and vertebral systems
- CInternal carotid and vertebrobasilar systems
- DExternal carotid and subclavian arterial systems
2.Human anatomyHard
In which part of the small intestine are vitamin B12 and bile salts mainly absorbed?
- ACaecum
- BJejunum
- CTerminal ileum
- DDuodenum
3.Human physiologyMedium
Why do myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster than unmyelinated ones?
- AThe impulse jumps between nodes of Ranvier
- BMyelin makes the axon thinner
- CMyelin contains more sodium channels
- DMyelin releases neurotransmitter along the axon
4.Human physiologyHard
Why does left ventricular failure cause pulmonary oedema?
- AThe right ventricle pumps less blood into the lungs
- BPlasma oncotic pressure in the lungs rises sharply
- CRaised left atrial pressure increases pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure
- DThe bronchial arteries become blocked
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Many vitamins act as coenzymes. What does this mean?
- AThey are digested to release large amounts of energy
- BThey replace enzymes that have been denatured
- CThey are built into the cell membrane
- DThey help enzymes carry out their reactions
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Griffith injected mice with heat-killed harmful bacteria mixed with live harmless bacteria. The mice died, and live harmful bacteria were found in them. What did this show?
- AThe mice were killed by the dead bacteria alone
- BHeat makes harmless bacteria become harmful when they are injected
- CBacteria can be killed by the immune system of mice
- DA substance from the dead bacteria changed the harmless ones
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which list is in order from smallest to largest mass?
- AKilogram, gram, milligram
- BMilligram, gram, kilogram
- CGram, milligram, kilogram
- DMilligram, kilogram, gram
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
How many grams of NaOH (molar mass 40 g/mol) are needed to make 500 mL of a 0.2 M solution?
- A8 g
- B0.1 g
- C4 g
- D40 g
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Internal carotid and vertebrobasilar systems
Why this is the answer
The circle of Willis links the internal carotid arteries with the basilar artery (formed by the vertebral arteries), allowing some collateral flow.
C · Internal carotid and vertebrobasilar systems
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Terminal ileum
Why this is the answer
The terminal ileum absorbs vitamin B12 (bound to intrinsic factor) and reabsorbs bile salts. The duodenum mainly absorbs iron.
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · The impulse jumps between nodes of Ranvier
Why this is the answer
Myelin insulates the axon, so action potentials are only generated at the nodes of Ranvier. This saltatory conduction is much faster.
A · The impulse jumps between nodes of Ranvier
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · Raised left atrial pressure increases pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure
Why this is the answer
A failing left ventricle backs up pressure into the left atrium and pulmonary veins. High capillary hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid into the lung interstitium and alveoli.
C · Raised left atrial pressure increases pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · They help enzymes carry out their reactions
Why this is the answer
Coenzymes are small organic molecules, often made from vitamins, that bind to enzymes and help them work. This is why vitamin deficiencies can block important reactions.
D · They help enzymes carry out their reactions
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · A substance from the dead bacteria changed the harmless ones
Why this is the answer
Griffith discovered transformation: a "transforming principle" from the heat-killed cells made the harmless cells harmful. Later, Avery and colleagues showed that this substance was DNA.
D · A substance from the dead bacteria changed the harmless ones
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Milligram, gram, kilogram
Why this is the answer
1 mg = 0.001 g and 1 kg = 1000 g, so mg < g < kg. Each step is a factor of 1000.
B · Milligram, gram, kilogram
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 4 g
Why this is the answer
n = 0.2 mol/L × 0.5 L = 0.1 mol; mass = 0.1 × 40 = 4 g. Using 500 instead of 0.5 L gives an answer 1000 times too large.
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