1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which part of the brainstem contains the main cardiovascular and respiratory centres?
- AMedulla oblongata
- BPons
- CCerebellum
- DMidbrain
2.Human anatomyHard
A lesion of the left optic tract causes which visual field defect?
- ARight homonymous hemianopia
- BBitemporal hemianopia
- CBlindness in the left eye only
- DLeft homonymous hemianopia
3.Human physiologyMedium
Where does the final activation step of vitamin D (1-alpha hydroxylation) take place?
- ASkin
- BSmall intestine
- CKidney
- DLiver
4.Human physiologyHard
According to the length–tension relationship, why does a skeletal muscle fibre produce less force when overstretched?
- ACalcium is no longer released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum when stretched
- BThe muscle runs out of ATP when stretched
- CActin and myosin overlap less, so fewer cross-bridges form
- DThe neuromuscular junction stops working
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
A deletion removes exactly three bases, forming one whole codon, from the middle of a gene. What is the most likely result?
- AThe protein lacks one amino acid but the rest is unchanged
- BEvery amino acid after the deletion is changed to a new one
- CThe protein becomes three times longer
- DNo protein can be made at all
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A red blood cell is placed in a solution with the same solute concentration as its cytoplasm. What happens?
- AWater molecules stop crossing the membrane in either direction
- BThe cell shrinks as water leaves
- CNo net water movement; the cell keeps its shape
- DThe cell swells and bursts
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
In a closed container, 10 g of substance A reacts completely with 5 g of substance B. What is the total mass of the products?
- A50 g
- B10 g
- C15 g
- D5 g
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
What is (8 × 10⁶) ÷ (2 × 10⁻²)?
- A4 × 10⁴
- B4 × 10⁻¹²
- C4 × 10⁸
- D16 × 10⁴
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Medulla oblongata
Why this is the answer
The medulla oblongata contains the vital centres that regulate heart rate, blood pressure and breathing rhythm.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Right homonymous hemianopia
Why this is the answer
The left optic tract carries fibres from the left half of each retina, which see the right visual field. Its lesion causes loss of the right half of the field in both eyes.
A · Right homonymous hemianopia
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · Kidney
Why this is the answer
Vitamin D is made in the skin or eaten, hydroxylated in the liver, and then activated to calcitriol in the kidney. Kidney failure therefore causes vitamin D deficiency.
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · Actin and myosin overlap less, so fewer cross-bridges form
Why this is the answer
Maximum force occurs at an optimal sarcomere length with best filament overlap. Overstretching reduces overlap; too short a length makes filaments collide.
C · Actin and myosin overlap less, so fewer cross-bridges form
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · The protein lacks one amino acid but the rest is unchanged
Why this is the answer
Because three bases are removed, the codons after the deletion are still read in the correct frame. The protein loses one amino acid, which may or may not affect its function.
A · The protein lacks one amino acid but the rest is unchanged
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · No net water movement; the cell keeps its shape
Why this is the answer
In an isotonic solution water moves in and out at the same rate, so there is no net change. Water molecules still cross; there is just no net flow.
C · No net water movement; the cell keeps its shape
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 15 g
Why this is the answer
By the law of conservation of mass, the products have the same total mass as the reactants: 10 g + 5 g = 15 g.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 4 × 10⁸
Why this is the answer
8 ÷ 2 = 4, and 10⁶ ÷ 10⁻² = 10⁶⁻⁽⁻²⁾ = 10⁸. So the answer is 4 × 10⁸. Subtracting a negative exponent adds to it.
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