1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which part of the stomach connects to the duodenum?
- AFundus
- BCardia
- CBody
- DPylorus
2.Human anatomyHard
During a lumbar puncture, which ligament is the last one pierced before the needle enters the epidural space?
- ASupraspinous ligament
- BInterspinous ligament
- CPosterior longitudinal ligament
- DLigamentum flavum
3.Human physiologyMedium
What is anatomical dead space?
- AThe air that stays in the lungs after full exhalation (residual volume)
- BThe volume of the conducting airways where no gas exchange happens
- CThe space between the two pleural layers
- DAlveoli that have collapsed completely
4.Human physiologyHard
Why does a person with a high spinal cord injury above T1 risk low blood pressure?
- ARenin release from the kidney stops completely
- BThe vagus nerve is cut, so the heart rate rises
- CThe phrenic nerve can no longer control the tone of the arteries
- DThe sympathetic outflow to the vessels and heart is cut off
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
When does crossing over between homologous chromosomes happen?
- AIn the S phase of interphase
- BIn anaphase of mitosis
- CIn telophase II of meiosis
- DIn prophase I of meiosis
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Two parents who both have a genetic condition have a child who does not. Assuming a single gene, what inheritance pattern does this show?
- AAutosomal recessive, with both parents homozygous
- BAutosomal dominant, with both parents heterozygous
- CX-linked recessive, with the father as a carrier
- DAutosomal recessive, with both parents heterozygous
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
A magnesium atom loses two electrons. What is the ion formed?
- AMg⁺
- BMg²⁺
- CMg²⁻
- DMg⁻
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Hydrogen is usually placed at the top of group 1. Which statement about hydrogen is correct?
- AIt has a full outer shell like the noble gases
- BIt is an alkali metal that is solid at room temperature
- CIt always forms H⁺ ions and never shares electrons
- DIt has one valence electron like group 1 metals, but it is a nonmetal gas
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Pylorus
Why this is the answer
The pylorus is the distal stomach. Its pyloric sphincter regulates the passage of chyme into the duodenum.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Ligamentum flavum
Why this is the answer
The needle passes skin, supraspinous and interspinous ligaments, then ligamentum flavum into the epidural space, then dura and arachnoid into the subarachnoid space.
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · The volume of the conducting airways where no gas exchange happens
Why this is the answer
Anatomical dead space (about 150 ml) is air in the nose, trachea and bronchi. It is moved with every breath but never reaches the alveoli.
B · The volume of the conducting airways where no gas exchange happens
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · The sympathetic outflow to the vessels and heart is cut off
Why this is the answer
Sympathetic outflow leaves the cord at T1–L2. A lesion above it removes vasomotor tone and cardiac sympathetic drive while the vagus still works, causing hypotension and bradycardia (neurogenic shock).
D · The sympathetic outflow to the vessels and heart is cut off
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · In prophase I of meiosis
Why this is the answer
In prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair and swap segments. This crossing over creates new combinations of alleles in the gametes.
D · In prophase I of meiosis
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Autosomal dominant, with both parents heterozygous
Why this is the answer
If the trait were recessive, both affected parents would be aa and all children would be aa and affected. An unaffected child means the trait is dominant and both parents are Aa, so each child has a 1/4 chance of being aa and unaffected.
B · Autosomal dominant, with both parents heterozygous
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Mg²⁺
Why this is the answer
Losing two electrons leaves two more protons than electrons, giving a 2+ charge. Group 2 metals form 2+ ions.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · It has one valence electron like group 1 metals, but it is a nonmetal gas
Why this is the answer
Hydrogen has one electron, which explains its position in group 1, but it is a nonmetal gas (H₂) that usually forms covalent bonds, as in H₂O and CH₄. It is not an alkali metal.
D · It has one valence electron like group 1 metals, but it is a nonmetal gas
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