1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Where does fertilisation most commonly take place?
- AOvary
- BBody of the uterus
- CCervix
- DAmpulla of the uterine tube
2.Human anatomyHard
Which muscle "unlocks" the fully extended knee by rotating the femur laterally on the tibia at the start of flexion?
- AGastrocnemius
- BSartorius
- CBiceps femoris
- DPopliteus
3.Human physiologyMedium
Where is the heart's natural pacemaker?
- ASinoatrial node
- BAtrioventricular node
- CPurkinje fibres
- DBundle of His
4.Human physiologyHard
In pernicious anaemia, autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells leads to anaemia because:
- AIntrinsic factor is lost, so vitamin B12 is not absorbed
- BAcid is lost, so iron is never absorbed in any form
- CGastrin is lost, so the bone marrow is no longer stimulated
- DPepsin is lost, so haemoglobin cannot be made
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
What happens to a protein when it is denatured?
- AIt turns into a carbohydrate
- BIt loses its 3D shape but keeps its amino acid sequence
- CIt loses some of its amino acids but keeps its folded shape
- DIt becomes more active than before
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A dihybrid cross gives offspring in a ratio of about 9 : 3 : 3 : 1. What does this suggest?
- AOne parent is AaBb and the other is homozygous aabb
- BBoth parents are homozygous dominant for both genes
- CThe two genes are tightly linked on the same chromosome
- DBoth parents are heterozygous for two genes that assort independently
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which statement about elements in the same group is correct?
- AThey have the same number of electron shells but different properties
- BThey have the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties
- CThey have the same atomic mass and the same number of protons
- DThey are always all gases at room temperature
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Why does food cook faster in a pressure cooker?
- AThe higher pressure raises the boiling point, so the water is hotter
- BThe higher pressure lowers the boiling point
- CSteam is trapped, so the water boils at a lower temperature
- DPressure itself breaks down the food, regardless of temperature
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Ampulla of the uterine tube
Why this is the answer
Fertilisation usually occurs in the ampulla of the uterine (fallopian) tube. The embryo then travels to the uterus to implant.
D · Ampulla of the uterine tube
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Popliteus
Why this is the answer
At full extension the knee locks by medial rotation of the femur. Popliteus laterally rotates the femur on the fixed tibia to unlock it so flexion can begin.
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · Sinoatrial node
Why this is the answer
The SA node depolarises spontaneously at the fastest rate and sets the heart rhythm. The AV node delays the impulse before it spreads to the ventricles.
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · Intrinsic factor is lost, so vitamin B12 is not absorbed
Why this is the answer
Parietal cells secrete intrinsic factor, needed for B12 absorption in the terminal ileum. B12 deficiency impairs DNA synthesis and causes megaloblastic anaemia.
A · Intrinsic factor is lost, so vitamin B12 is not absorbed
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · It loses its 3D shape but keeps its amino acid sequence
Why this is the answer
Denaturing breaks the hydrogen bonds and other weak interactions that hold a protein's folded shape. The peptide bonds remain, so the sequence is unchanged, but the protein can no longer do its job.
B · It loses its 3D shape but keeps its amino acid sequence
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Both parents are heterozygous for two genes that assort independently
Why this is the answer
AaBb × AaBb with unlinked genes gives 9 A_B_ : 3 A_bb : 3 aaB_ : 1 aabb. Linked genes or other parent genotypes give different ratios.
D · Both parents are heterozygous for two genes that assort independently
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · They have the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties
Why this is the answer
Group members have the same outer-shell electron count, so they react similarly. Elements in a period share the number of shells.
B · They have the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · The higher pressure raises the boiling point, so the water is hotter
Why this is the answer
Sealing the pot raises the pressure, so water must reach a higher temperature (above 100 °C) before it boils. The hotter water cooks food faster. Autoclaves use the same idea to sterilise equipment.
A · The higher pressure raises the boiling point, so the water is hotter
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