1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which pulse is felt just behind the medial malleolus of the ankle?
- AFibular artery
- BPopliteal artery
- CDorsalis pedis artery
- DPosterior tibial artery
2.Human anatomyHard
A patient with a large aneurysm of the aortic arch develops hoarseness. Which nerve is most likely compressed?
- AExternal laryngeal nerve
- BLeft phrenic nerve
- CLeft recurrent laryngeal nerve
- DRight recurrent laryngeal nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
What is anatomical dead space?
- AThe space between the two pleural layers
- BThe volume of the conducting airways where no gas exchange happens
- CAlveoli that have collapsed completely
- DThe air that stays in the lungs after full exhalation (residual volume)
4.Human physiologyHard
A healthy person stands up quickly after lying down. Which reflex response prevents fainting?
- AThe chemoreceptor reflex raises breathing rate and arterial oxygen levels
- BThe Bainbridge reflex lowers heart rate
- CThe baroreceptor reflex raises heart rate and vasoconstriction
- DADH release immediately doubles blood volume
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which list puts these human energy sources in order from fastest to use to longest-lasting store?
- AFat, then glycogen, then ATP
- BGlycogen, then ATP, then fat
- CATP, then glycogen, then fat
- DATP, then fat, then glycogen
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Home pregnancy tests use antibodies that bind the hormone hCG. Why do they react with hCG and not with other proteins in urine?
- AEach antibody binds a specific antigen shape
- BAntibodies bind every protein but change colour only with hCG
- CUrine contains no other proteins at all
- DThe hormone hCG is a type of antibody itself
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What feature makes a hydrocarbon an alkene?
- AOnly carbon–carbon single bonds
- BA ring of six carbon atoms with no hydrogen
- CAt least one carbon–carbon double bond
- DAn –OH group
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
A compound is 40% carbon, 6.7% hydrogen and 53.3% oxygen by mass (C = 12, H = 1, O = 16). What is its empirical formula?
- ACHO
- BC₂HO
- CCH₄O
- DCH₂O
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Posterior tibial artery
Why this is the answer
The posterior tibial artery passes behind the medial malleolus into the sole. The dorsalis pedis pulse is felt on the top of the foot.
D · Posterior tibial artery
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Why this is the answer
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops under the aortic arch beside the ligamentum arteriosum. It supplies most laryngeal muscles, so compression causes hoarseness.
C · Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · The volume of the conducting airways where no gas exchange happens
Why this is the answer
Anatomical dead space (about 150 ml) is air in the nose, trachea and bronchi. It is moved with every breath but never reaches the alveoli.
B · The volume of the conducting airways where no gas exchange happens
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · The baroreceptor reflex raises heart rate and vasoconstriction
Why this is the answer
Blood pools in the legs and pressure falls; baroreceptors fire less, which increases sympathetic and decreases vagal activity within seconds, raising heart rate and vascular tone.
C · The baroreceptor reflex raises heart rate and vasoconstriction
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · ATP, then glycogen, then fat
Why this is the answer
ATP is used directly but is present only in small amounts. Glycogen is broken down quickly to glucose, and fat is the largest long-term store, used mainly during longer activity or fasting.
C · ATP, then glycogen, then fat
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Each antibody binds a specific antigen shape
Why this is the answer
An antibody's binding site fits one particular antigen shape, so the test reacts with hCG but not with unrelated proteins. Laboratory-made antibodies of one type (monoclonal antibodies) are used for this reason.
A · Each antibody binds a specific antigen shape
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · At least one carbon–carbon double bond
Why this is the answer
Alkenes contain at least one C=C double bond, which makes them unsaturated and more reactive than alkanes. Their general formula is CₙH₂ₙ.
C · At least one carbon–carbon double bond
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · CH₂O
Why this is the answer
In 100 g: C = 40 ÷ 12 ≈ 3.33 mol, H = 6.7 ÷ 1 = 6.7 mol, O = 53.3 ÷ 16 ≈ 3.33 mol. Dividing by 3.33 gives 1 : 2 : 1, so CH₂O.
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